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    Comparison between Turkish and Jordan standards from geotechnical earthquake engineering aspects
    (Işık Üniversitesi, 2024-01-31) Hawa, Shafeeq Mohammad; Etminan, Ehsan; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Yüksek Lisans Programı
    This thesis focuses on a comparative analysis of geotechnical earthquake engineering standards in Turkey and Jordan. The importance lies in ensuring that these standards are safe and economically viable, meeting each country's specific geotechnical and ground motion requirements. The study comprehensively examines both nations' earthquake and ground motion characteristics, reviewing relevant papers. The research is organized into six chapters, including recommendations. The thesis delves into the evolution of standards in both countries, considering feedback from researchers and the impact of past earthquakes on human life and infrastructure. It also explores the geotechnical earthquake phenomena resulting from earthquakes, such as landslides and liquefaction. The study reveals differences in codes due to variations in geological conditions, soil properties, and seismic locations. However, it also identifies noteworthy similarities. Additionally, the research analyzes the impact of earthquakes on soil by simulating two seismic events: the Düzce earthquake in Turkey and the Dead Sea earthquake in Jordan. PLAXIS 3D software, as a finite element method, is employed to observe deformations in the mesh, foundation, and piles, providing insights into the effects of seismic activity on these structural elements. The study emphasizes that Turkey encounters more frequent ground motion events than Jordan, and earthquakes in Turkey demonstrate a higher peak ground acceleration. Furthermore, even though Jordan experiences fewer earthquakes, the potential impact could be severe in the event of their occurrence. The similarities in earthquake effects identified through PLAXIS analysis indicate the presence of high peak ground acceleration, posing a significant risk in Turkey. This risk extends to Jordan, particularly during moderate earthquakes. This observation sheds light on why Jordan may have implemented stringent requirements in its building codes, aligning with the standards set by Turkey in some sections.