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    Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and knowledge workers’ motivation and job satisfaction: a study on academicians at foundation universities
    (Işık Üniversitesi, 2023-06-21) Tezel, Mert Safa; Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Yöneticiler için İşletme Yönetimi Yüksek Lisans Programı
    In recent decades, especially after the third industrial revolution (officially started in the 1950s), a shift can be observed in the world’s economy towards a more knowledgebased economy. This was the time when the Two-Factor theory was put forward by Frederick I. Herzberg as a theory of motivation and job satisfaction. Starting from this timeline, the number and importance of knowledge workers have increased with this shift to a more knowledge-based economy. This study aims to investigate one group of knowledge workers, that is, the academicians working at foundation universities in Türkiye. Academicians are an important part and the core center of knowledge, and they contribute greatly to cultivating knowledge workers in many areas. Six research questions were formulated to examine the importance of the hygiene and motivator factors proposed according to Herzberg’s theory and the relevancy of certain statements about motivation and job satisfaction in their current universities. A descriptive research design with an embedded mixed-methods model was applied in this study. A questionnaire, a survey method tool, was used in the study. The questionnaire based on the framework of the Two-Factor Theory was prepared by Filtvedt (2016) and in this thesis it was adapted for academicians. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through the questionnaire prepared to be administered via an online survey. The qualitative data was collected through an open-ended question added to the survey for the participants to add any further ideas and comments they might have. Sixty-four academicians working at foundation universities in Türkiye participated in the study. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of the quantitative data. For the qualitative data collected through the open-ended question, content analysis was utilized. The results confirmed that the factors proposed in Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory were also valid for the participant academicians because of the high percentage of “very important” and “important” responses they gave for each hygiene and motivator factor in the questionnaire in relation to each research question and to the 6 themes observed in their responses for the open-ended question. The participant academicians as knowledge workers at Turkish foundation universities displayed responses highly aligning with Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory. Looking at the hygiene and motivator factors for each question in terms of the mean and standard deviation values of their responses, it is clear that all factors were found highly important for them. Although all the factors in Herzberg’s theory were found to be highly important by the academicians, their responses showed that the most important hygiene factors were construed and grouped mainly under three factors Pay, Working Conditions, and Administration/Supervision whereas the most important motivator factors for them were construed and grouped mainly under Growth, The Work Itself and Autonomy. The ultimate goal of this study was to contribute to the understanding of academicians’ motivation and job satisfaction working for foundation universities (which show great similarities in organizational structure to private universities on a global scale) and their management in an important business sector to be more efficient and successful in today’s knowledge-based economy.