Bildiri Koleksiyonu | Ekonomi (İktisat) Bölümü

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https://hdl.handle.net/11729/3174

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Macroeconomic determinants of in-work poverty in Europe: evidence from panel data
(Türkiye Ekonomi Kurumu, 2021-04) Görkey, Selda
The determinants of poverty have been examined from various perspectives in many studies and much has been suggested to break the vicious circle of poverty. While employment opportunities are regarded as crucial for poverty reduction, experiences in the last decades have shown that they do not ensure such reduction. Combining poverty and labor market status, inwork poverty (IWP) has gained rising interest; yet, the topic is mostly examined from the micro perspective. However, macroeconomic and institutional determinants are at least as important as micro factors for IWP. In this respect, this study explores macroeconomic determinants of IWP in 30 European economies over the period 2008-2019 using panel data analysis. The macroeconomic determinants of interest included in the analysis are economic growth, GDP per capita, unemployment, income inequality, employment status, and sectoral composition of the economy. A set of institutional and demographic control variables such as union density, social expenditures, education, and dependency ratio are also included in the analysis. The findings are crucial as it particularly examines the European economies. Even though some of these economies are known for their tight labor markets, part-time and temporary jobs have increased in number in many of them. Thus, the findings are critical to present the overall outcome of macroeconomic and institutional factors on IWP. The study also paves the way to policy recommendations as it empirically examines the difficulties European economies have faced in their labor markets such as precariousness and rising temporary jobs in the post-crisis period. Lastly, the study considers the expected future impacts of COVID-19 on the topic as the pandemic changed the composition of employment severely in many economies.
İktisatta dijitalleşmenin ölçümü
(Işık Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2022-05) Görkey, Selda
Bilginin dijital forma dönüştürülmesi olarak tanımlanan dijitalleşme, günümüzde hem sosyal hayatın hem de ekonomik hayatın önemli bir bileşenini oluşturmaktadır. Birçok alanda ve sektörde önemi günden güne artan dijitalleşme konusu, iktisat biliminde de özellikle son yıllarda sıklıkla incelenmektedir. İktisadi çalışmalarda veri ile çalışmanın gerekliliği dikkate alındığında; seçilen verilerin incelemeye konu olan kavram(lar)ı ölçebilmeleri ve gösterge olarak kullanılabilmelerinin oldukça önemli olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada iktisadi çalışmalarda dijitalleşme kavramının nasıl ölçüldüğü ve kavram için hangi göstergelerden faydalanıldığına ilişkin bir yazın taraması yapılarak, günümüzde sıklıkla kullanılan dijitalleşme göstergelerine yönelik bir tartışma ve eleştirel değerlendirme yapılması amaçlanmaktadır. İlgili konuda tartışma ve eleştirel değerlendirme yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmasının başlıca nedeni, geçmişten günümüze dijitalleşmenin ölçümünde kullanılan göstergelerin zaman içinde değişiklik göstermiş olması ve mevcut göstergelerin çok sayıda fakat birbirinden çok farklı yapıda olmasıdır. Bir diğer neden ise teknolojik gelişmenin dinamik yapısı nedeniyle dijitalleşme ölçümünde kullanılan göstergelerin hesaplama yöntemlerinde zaman içinde güncellemeler yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmasıdır. Bu farklılıklar bir arada değerlendirildiğinde; dijitalleşmenin ölçümünde, hem çok sayıda gösterge arasından seçim yapmanın hem de belirli bir zaman boyutunda aynı hesaplamayla elde edilmiş göstergelere ulaşmanın güçlüğü önemli bir sorun olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu durum ise ülkelerin dijitalleşme düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve zaman içinde gelişimlerinin izlenmesi açısından soruna yol açmakta ve ekonomilerde önemi artan dijitalleşme kavramının hangi göstergeler ile temsil edildiğinin incelenmesini gerekli hale getirmektedir. İktisadi çalışmalarda kullanılan çeşitli göstergelerin güçlü ve zayıf yanlarının tartışılarak eleştirel bir değerlendirmenin yapıldığı bu çalışmada betimleyici ve karşılaştırmalı araştırma yöntemlerinden faydalanılmıştır.
BRICS ülkelerinde bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri mal ve hizmet ihracatı üzerine bir değerlendirme
(İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, 2023-10) Görkey, Selda; Kaya, Çiğdem; Korucu Gümüşoğlu, Nebile; Küçük, Namıka Elif
İktisadi büyüme içerisinde teknolojik gelişmenin rolünün giderek artması, bilgi-yoğun üretimin daha önemli hale gelmesine neden olmuştur. Bilgi-yoğun sanayilerin başlıcalarından birini oluşturan Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojilerinde (BİT) gerçekleşen ihracat ise, ekonomilerin ilgili alandaki hem üretimini hem de uluslararası rekabet gücünü temsil ettiğinden teknolojik ilerlemenin önemli göstergelerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin ve Güney Afrika’nın oluşturduğu BRICS ülkeleri, hızlı artış gösteren milli gelirleri ve bol üretim faktörleri ile bilinmekte, bu sayede de yüksek ihracatları ile dünya ticaretinde önemli bir yere sahiptirler. Son dönemde, bu ülkelerden bazıları bilgi-yoğun sektörlerde önemli üretim artışları gerçekleştirmiş, bunun neticesinde de ilgili sektörlerdeki ihracatları yükselme göstermiş olsa da grubun tamamında bu ilerleme hakim değildir. Bu çalışmada BRICS ülkelerinin BİT ihracatı performansları karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmekte ve konuya ilişkin genel bir değerlendirmeye ulaşılması amaçlanmaktadır. Çeşitli istatistiklere yer verilerek BİT ihracatının, BİT mal ihracatı ve BİT hizmet ihracatı ayrımı ile irdelendiği çalışmada betimleyici araştırma yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmada BRICS ülkeleri arasında, toplam hizmet ihracatı içinde en yüksek BİT hizmet ihracatının payının diğer ülkelere göre çok büyük bir fark ile Hindistan’da, toplam mal ihracatı içinde en fazla BİT mal ihracatının payının önemli bir fark ile Çin’de olduğuna dikkat çekilmiş olup alt kalemler bazında detaylı incelemeler yapılmıştır. Son yirmi yıllık döneme odaklanan araştırma ile hem ülke bazında hem de grup geneline yönelik değerlendirmeler sunan bu çalışmanın teknoloji ve bilgi-yoğun üretim ve ticaret alanlarındaki politika tasarımlarına faydalı olması amaçlanmaktadır.
International diffusion of technology in the manufacturing industry: emerging countries within the EU and Turkey
(DRUID, 2014-01) Görkey, Selda
This study analyzes the relative impact of multiple diffusion channels on the manufacturing total factor productivity (TFP) of emerging countries within the EU plus Turkey. The prospected contribution of this research is that it analyzes the effects of multiple diffusion channels and focuses on emerging countries using data from the recent time period 1994-2008. The international technology diffusion channels included in the analysis are foreign R&D intensity, import of technology goods and foreign direct investment (FDI). Human capital, which serves as a proxy for absorptive capacity, is also included in the analysis. Although the main focus of this research is international technology diffusion, the impact of domestic R&D expenditures is also examined in order to compare the magnitude of its effect on TFP in combination with the selected international technology diffusion channels. The findings indicate that foreign R&D, imports of technology goods and human capital have a positive impact on the manufacturing industry TFP. Among these factors, foreign R&D has the greatest impact on TFP growth, whereas the import of technology goods has the least impact. The estimates also show that FDI and domestic R&D expenditures have no effect on manufacturing TFP for the selected countries.
What is Turkish economy currently telling us a comparative analysis of trade and labor market indicators
(Athens Institute for Education and Research, 2011-12-22) Soykut Sarıca, Pınar; Şen Taşbaşı, Aslı
In the aftermath of the 2007-2008 financial crisis, several economies including developed ones have experienced reductions in growth which can be attributed to falls in trade, commodity prices, investment and employment. In this context, this paper ascertains the current dynamics of trade and labor market in Turkey for the years 2007 to 2011 and presents an overview of the main mechanisms through which the crisis is impacting the country. We first evaluate the key indicators of the labor market, namely labor force participation rate, employment-topopulation ratio, employment by sector, hours of work, unemployment rate, working age population and wages. We then investigate the main trade indicators, i.e. trade of goods and services, current account deficit and balance of payments. By building a comparative perspective, we attempt to highlight some policy options available to countries confronting the crisis in order to have positive outcomes such as employment generation, improving aggregate welfare and a sound economic recovery.
Quantifying water scarcity in Turkey
(International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2015-09-16) Taşbaşı, Aslı
This study provides a quantitative assesment of water resources in Turkey in order to diagnose the water scarcity in the country. To this end, water stress indices are calculated which serve a multi-dimensional analysis by linking water scarcity to variables of population, income, pollution, withdrawals and social adaptive capacity. Results of the calculations are used to portray whether access to water and water poverty are directly or indirectly related. In view of its findings, the paper argues that water resources should not be managed according to the neoliberal rules of scarce resources, which may eventually make water unaffordible for the poor. The paper brings attention to the need for a socially equitable water policy and calls for a rapid agenda for the implementation of EU Water Framework Directive.
Economics as Critical Theory
(2010-07) Koloğlugil, Serhat; Koloğlugil, Serhat
[No abstract available]
The free software movement and Thorstein Veblen’s theory of capital
(2011-05) Koloğlugil, Serhat; Koloğlugil, Serhat
[No abstract available]
Introducing professional skills during unit operations laboratory
(American Society for Engineering Education, 2011-06-26) Rende, Sevinç; Rende, Deniz; Baysal, Nihat
Unit operations laboratory (UOL) course is considered to be a crucial and integral part of the chemical engineering education. The primary objective of the course is to enable students to combine theory and practice. Problems in industry however entail more than finding technical solutions. Indeed professional life requires other skills such as an ability to propose ideas, develop practical solutions, participate in teamwork, meet deadlines, establish communication between technical support and suppliers, oversee financial issues, and finally reporting and presentation skills. This study describes how in three consecutive courses, we preserve academic rigor of the UOL course while incorporating components such as experimental design, project development and teamwork, which aim to meet the needs of professional careers. We follow up the course outcomes with a survey targeting the graduates of the program. The results show that graduates employed in industry frequently rely on these skills during job interviews, research and product development, whereas those who pursue advanced degrees in academia use these skills predominantly for their research, highlighting the need for adaptive approach for different graduate trajectories in designing the course. For both groups of graduates, the skills introduced during the UOL courses are reported to be valuable in their daily life, emphasizing life-long learning.
Venture capital markets: A cross country analysis
(Elsevier Science BV, 2016) Teker, Dilek; Teker, Suat; Teraman, Özgür
Venture capital (VC) may be defined as a support to entrepreneurial talents and appetite by turning ideas and basic science into products and services which are expected to envy the world. Venture capital funds are able to build companies from the simplest form to mature organizations. Venture capital investors generally actively engage with management of the company by typically taking place on the board. Through the due diligence process the venture capital firms concentrate on the founders, the management team, the concept, the marketplace, the revenue model, the value-added potential of the firm, the amount of capital needed to heal the business and whether all these fit to the fund's objectives. Over the next three to eight years, the venture firm works with the founding entrepreneur/s to grow the company. Once a company funded by venture capital matures and becomes successful, venture funds generally exit by taking it public through an initial public offering (IPO) or by selling it to big companies. This allows the venture funds to be free from the previous investment and invest in the next generation of companies. United States, Europe, Israel, Canada, China and India have the most developed markets for venture capital environment. The size of the venture capital market is nowadays about $50 billion and the United States has the most funds for venture capital of $33.1 billion in 2013. Venture capital firms may invest in promising firms in stages of seed, first round, second round or later. The median investment amounts in the United States in 2013 are $0.5 million for seed, $2.5 million for first round, $5.7 million for second round and $10 for later stage. The most attractive sector for venture capital is information technology for the United States, Israel and Canada, invested over $10 billion in 2013, while the most attractive sector is consumer products for Europe, China and India, invested over $4.8 billion in 2013.
G20: On Behalf of the Rest?
(Elsevier Science BV, 2016) Teker, Suat; Yüksel, Ahmet Hakan
Major developments in the last three decades have set the scene for the rise of novel problems on global scale. The unprecedented level of interdependence and interconnectedness between countries, firms and institutions has paved the way for the emergence of, both, novel practices that increase the quality of life and intriguingly complicated issues of global governance. The relationship between global actors are so intertwined that striving for predictability is barely feasible. In spite of the enhanced capabilities gained through involvement in the economic and financial value creation process, there are perils ahead for better global governance. Major issues pose global actors in terms of credibility, building and ensuring sustainability, erosion of capacity to fulfill promises and increasing fragility of financial markets as well as issues regarding depleting energy resources, environment and security. G-20 emerged as a remedial governance structure in the wake of the 2008 financial turmoil making sure that the prominent dynamic emerging countries are seated around the table. The expansion of G-8 into G-20 including the new global powerhouses has many positive implications. However, ongoing debates regarding this structure oscillate between hope and contestation. This conceptual paper intends to draw a general framework regarding the representative capability of G20 members and discuss the hybrid quality of this so called steering committee given the era of turbulence that the world is heading towards.
Venture capital and business angels: Turkish case
(Elsevier Science BV, 2016) Teker, Suat; Teker, Dilek
Venture capital (VC) may be defined as a support to entrepreneurial talents and appetite by turning ideas and basic science into products and services which are expected to envy the world. Although venture capitalists and business angels supply external funding for risky investments, the aspects of venture capitalists and business angels are different approaching the investment candidates. Business angels in the last decade have become undispansible players providing external capital for risky start-ups and contributing technological advancements and economic growth. Business angels could be either private wealth individuals or institutional venture capitalists. Private angels invest their own money that's why their invested capacity are limited while venture capitalists invest others'money with an extensive source. This research examines the the way of doing business for venture capitalists and business angels. Furthermore, venture capital market and business angels are reviewed for the Turkish case.
Financial performance of top 20 airlines
(Elsevier Science BV, 2016) Teker, Suat; Teker, Dilek; Güner, Ayşegül
This empricial research article intends to analyse the financial performance of the top 20 airlines in the Word for the period of year 2011 and 2014. In order to measure the financial performance of the airlines on a uniqie base, an hormonic index is propesed by considering performance areas of profitability, operating, efficiency and liquidity. Next, each performance area is defined by using a various of performance ratios. Finally, all airlines companies examined are listed by their harmonic index scores. The total assets of the 20 biggest airlines are amounted over $457 billion in 2014 and Delta Airlines with an assest size of $54 billion is the biggest ailines. On the other hand, the highest revenue generated by Luftansa in 2011, 2012 and 2013 over $40 billion per year The empricial results show that the worst scores of harmonic index refer American Airlines in 2011, Soutwest in 2012, China Eastern Airlines in 2013 and Quantas Airways in 2014, while the best scores of harmonic index point Delta in 2011, Hainan Airlines in 2012 and EasyJet in 2013 and 2014. This analysis supports that the measurement of financial performance based upon total revenuue or profitability is somehow weak and may be extented by including other indicators.
A Network representation of households by health exclusion, poverty, and unemployment
(Elsevier Science BV, 2011) Rende, Sevinç; Rende, Deniz; Baysal, Nihat
Social exclusion, emphasized in the European Social Agenda, presents an interesting case study on the discussion of universal vs. means-tested social policies. To understand the conditions under which universal policies may have an advantage over means-tested policies, we propose a method of network representation in which partitions are detected by background characteristics of the households. Using non-relational household level data from three countries, we map the association between exclusion from health care, unemployment and poverty. Our results show that households are less likely to form homogeneous partitioning by poverty and health care exclusion profiles, compared to the partitioning formed by poverty and unemployment characteristics. The results suggest that in cases where identifying beneficiaries is difficult, illustrated by heterogeneous partitioning, universal coverage offers an advantage over means-tested social policies.
Gender and household education expenditure in Turkey
(Eurasian Business & Economics Soc., 2013) Susanlı, Zehra Bilgen
This paper investigates how the share of education expenditure in the household budget varies across Turkish households with different gender-age composition of children. Using household level data from Household Budget Surveys over the period 2004 - 2008, I find no evidence for a pro-male bias. Results suggest that a pro-female bias at the secondary school level emerged in 2006 which is in line with declining gender gaps in enrolment at the secondary school level. Findings in both urban and rural areas suggest that Turkish households do not favor boys in the allocation of education expenditures. To the contrary, in 2006 girls of secondary school age group receive more educational resources than boys of the same age group. This may be explained by the effect of both education and textbook assistance campaigns. Further research is needed to make other labor market oriented explanations.
How globalized is the Turkish economy?
(Int organization center acad research, 2014-02-03) Şen Taşbaşı, Aslı
This paper aims at analyzing the economic dimension of the pace of globalization for Turkey by using the KOF Index of Globalization between the years 2005 and 2012. Indices and variables to be taken into consideration are classified into two sub-categories as data on actual flows and data on restrictions. Data on actual flows include foreign trade, foreign direct investment, stocks, portfolio investment, and income payments to foreign nationals. Hidden import barriers, mean tariff rate, taxes on international trade and capital account restrictions are the variables which will be assessed while evaluating the economic restrictions. The paper is finally going to compare and discuss alternative globalization measures.

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