Future circular collider feasibility study report: volume 2 accelerators, technical infrastructure and safety

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dc.authorid0000-0001-9787-8917
dc.authorid0000-0002-3407-8864
dc.authorid0000-0002-3654-0469
dc.authorid0000-0002-5872-9158
dc.contributor.authorBenedikt, Michaelen_US
dc.contributor.authorZimmermann, Franken_US
dc.contributor.authorAuchmann, Bernharden_US
dc.contributor.authorBayındır, Cihanen_US
dc.contributor.authorÖzaydın, Fatihen_US
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-13T11:15:20Z
dc.date.available2026-03-13T11:15:20Z
dc.date.issued2025-11-17
dc.departmentIşık Üniversitesi, Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi, İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümüen_US
dc.departmentIşık University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Civil Engineeringen_US
dc.departmentIşık Üniversitesi, İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Enformasyon Teknolojileri Bölümüen_US
dc.departmentIşık University, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Department of Information Technologiesen_US
dc.descriptionOpen access funding provided by CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research).en_US
dc.description.abstractIn response to the 2020 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) Feasibility Study was launched as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This report describes the FCC integrated programme, which consists of two stages: an electron-positron collider (FCC-ee) in the first phase, serving as a high-luminosity Higgs, top, and electroweak factory; followed by a proton-proton collider (FCC-hh) at the energy frontier in the second phase. The FCC-ee is designed to operate at four key centre-of-mass energies: the Z pole, the WW pair production threshold, the ZH production peak, and the top/anti-top production threshold—each delivering the highest possible luminosities to four experiments. Over 15 years of operation, FCC-ee will produce more than 6 trillion Z bosons, 200 million WW pairs, nearly 3 million Higgs bosons, and 2 million top anti-top pairs. Precise energy calibration at the Z pole and WW threshold will be achieved through frequent resonant depolarisation of pilot bunches. The sequence of operation modes between the Z, WW, and ZH substages remains flexible. The FCC-hh will operate at a centre-of-mass energy of approximately 85 TeV—nearly an order of magnitude higher than the LHC—and is designed to deliver 5 to 10 times the integrated luminosity of the upcoming High-Luminosity LHC. Its mass reach for direct discovery extends to several tens of TeV. In addition to proton-proton collisions, the FCC-hh is capable of supporting ion-ion, ion-proton, and lepton-hadron collision modes. This second volume of the Feasibility Study Report presents the complete design of the FCC-ee collider, its operation and staging strategy, the full-energy booster and injector complex, required accelerator technologies, safety concepts, and technical infrastructure. It also includes the design of the FCC-hh hadron collider, development of high-field magnets, hadron injector options, and key technical systems for FCC-hh.en_US
dc.description.versionPublisher's Versionen_US
dc.identifier.citationBenedikt, M., Zimmermann, F., Auchmann, B., Bayındır, C. & Özaydın, F. (2025). Future circular collider feasibility study report: volume 2 accelerators, technical infrastructure and safety. European Physical Journal: Special Topics, 234(19), 5713-6197. doi:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01967-4en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01967-4
dc.identifier.endpage6197
dc.identifier.issn1951-6355
dc.identifier.issue19
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105031762732
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage5713
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11729/7128
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01967-4
dc.identifier.volume234
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-3654-0469
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-5872-9158
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.peerreviewedYesen_US
dc.publicationstatusPublisheden_US
dc.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbHen_US
dc.relation.ispartofEuropean Physical Journal: Special Topicsen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.titleFuture circular collider feasibility study report: volume 2 accelerators, technical infrastructure and safetyen_US
dc.typeReview Articleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublicationen_US

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