Optimum torque distribution during regenerative braking in a fully electrical vehicle via dynamic programming

In electric vehicles, it is important to maximize their regenerative braking performances for obtaining longer driving distances. In this study, for an electric vehicle having motors on the front and rear axles, an optimum torque distribution algorithm based on dynamic programming method is proposed for maximizing the regenerative braking energy. Electric motor limits, efficiency maps, battery model and braking force constraints given in the European regulations are considered in the proposed algorithm. The dynamic programming algorithm code and simulation studies for different braking scenarios are carried out via MATLAB. Simulation studies show that via the proposed torque distribution algorithm, significant improvements in the regenerated braking energy are obtained with respect to the fixed-rate torque distribution algorithm.