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Öğe Earthquakes, sustainable settlements and traditional construction techniques(Mehmet Topçu, 2023-12-31) Koca, GülruUrbanization is increasing all around the world due to population growth and big cities receive a high volume of migrants due to economic and social reasons. However, rapid population growth should be prevented in big cities in order to provide comfortable living conditions to the population. When urban planning practices do not catch the speed of urbanization; the tendency towards vertical architecture increases, the amount of green space decreases and problems related to unplanned urbanization come to the fore. These important problems, which have considerably increased recently in Türkiye, may lead greater problems in many respects. The parallel and self-sufficient development of urban and rural areas, which is defined as urban sustainability, is considered as the best-case scenario in urban planning practices. This aim is adopted nowadays by most of the countries in the world as it prevents rapid population growth in cities and depopulation in rural areas. Decisions which are taken to ensure urban sustainability are important for all countries. However, these decisions become even more important in regions with disaster risk. As the majority of Türkiye’s land area is under seismic risk, the problems which may arise due to rapid urbanization during an earthquake should be prevented. The damage and losses which could occur during an earthquake and the security, health, education problems which will arise after the earthquake can be solved by preventing dense housing and uncontrolled migration in urban areas. The connection between urban and rural areas should be strengthened. Besides, the social and economic sustainability of the rural area should be ensured. Settlements should be designed away from fault lines with a holistic approach as “living spaces” which consist components such as; transportation, infrastructure, green spaces and educational spaces. Additionally; the use of appropriate construction techniques and materials should be accepted as a priority. In this context, it can be mentioned that traditional building techniques, which have been developed over centuries and whose deficiencies have been improved during this period, should be preferred especially in rural areas. In this study, the criteria that gain importance in the construction of earthquake resistant and sustainable settlements are evaluated on Türkiye case. The precautions which should be taken to ensure rural sustainability and to prevent the depopulation of rural areas are emphasized. Within this scope, the importance of protecting the architectural texture and regenerating traditional building culture was discussed in constructing earthquake resistant settlements.Öğe Beyoğlu’n(d)a mekansal ve zamansal dönüşler: Bir Üretim Mekanı Olarak: Beyoğlu Düşerse(İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2023-10-09) Bülay Doğan, Nazlıİstanbul’un kent kültürünü hem şekillendiren hem de yansıtan mekanlardan biri olmayı sürdüren Beyoğlu, Türkiye’deki kültür politikalarını anlamak için kritik önemdedir. Ebru Pelvanoğlu’nun 2022 yılında yayınladığı Bir Üretim Mekanı Olarak: Beyoğlu Düşerse kitabının, kültür politikası külliyatına katkısının ve bu amaçta ilerlerken eksik kaldığı yönlerin ele alındığı bu yazıya, tarih yazımının öznelliği ve nostalji üzerine bir tartışmayla başlanmıştır. Devamında, kitabın sosyopolitik bağlamla kurduğu ilişki gözden geçirilmiş ve “Beyoğlu Kültür Yolu” üzerine yapılan tartışmalarla beraber, Beyoğlu’ndaki kültür ve sanat dönüşümleri zamansal ve mekansal olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Beyoğlu üzerine kurulan nostalji biçimlerinde, farklı geçmiş zaman kesitlerinin türlü biçimlerde hatırlanmasına ve kültürün, farklı toplumsal grupları yüceltmek ya da karalamak amacıyla araçlaştırılmasına sıklıkla rastlanmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak, nostaljik bakışın Beyoğlu’nda dönüştürmeyi önüne koyduğu meselelerin sosyopolitik bağlamı yeniden vurgulanmış ve “düşünsel nostalji” kurmak mümkün mü sorusu tartışılmıştır.Öğe Development and validation of the physical distancing behavior scale: a study based on the integrated behavior model(Lut TAMAM, 2023-12-29) Ünver, Buket; Şen, Esin Temeloğlu; Gücin, Nuray ÖnerThis paper aims to develop a comprehensive scale within the framework of the Integrated Behavior Model (IBM), which is recommended for the protection of public health during the Covid-19 pandemic period and is the leading physical distancing behavior among health behaviors. Within the scope of the study, an item pool consisting of a total of 109 items was created and the first item analysis was performed in the pilot sample (N= 100). At the end of the pilot study, Physical Distancing Behavior Scale (PDBS) was developed, comprising a total of 39 items. This scale consisted of instrumental attitude, experiential attitude, subjective norms, perceived control, self-efficacy, environmental constraints, knowledge habit, intention, and behavior structures. Af-terwards, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was applied to 322 participants (age: 36.48) resulting in 21 items and five structures including instrumental attitude, experiential attitude, perceived control, self-efficacy, and knowledge. After factor structures according to EFA had been formed, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted on 472 participants (age: 36,99). The CFA results confirmed 4 constructs consisting of 19 items which are instrumental attitude, experiential attitude, perceived control, and self-efficacy (RMSEA=0.057, GFI=0.93, CFI=0.94, NFI=0.90, X2/df=2.51), Cronbach’s alpha scores of all sub-scales varied between 0.68-0.85. The results revealed that physical distancing behavior has been evaluated through the instrumental attitude, experi-ential attitude, perceived control, and self-efficacy constructs of IBM. In future studies, the scale may also need to be tested with different model studies. As regards the modeling studies that used this scale, examining diffe-rent samples could guide community-based intervention programs.Öğe Interpretative phenomenological analysis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescents(Lut TAMAM, 2023-12-29) Köroğlu, Arif Erdem; Aktan, Zekeriya DenizCurrent research on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is generally based on quantitative methodology. This indicates a lack of information on how ADHD individuals explain this phenomenon, and what they experience. The aim of this research is to reveal how attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is experienced in adolescents and how adolescents explain this phenomenon. The participants in this study were ten adolescents aged 11-18 who were diagnosed with ADHD and did not have a comorbid diagnosis. Participants were interviewed through a semi-structured interview form. The interviews were conducted and recorded on an online platform, and a transcript of the voice recording of each participant was then created. The texts obtained from the transcripts were analyzed with an interpretative phenomenological analysis. As a result of the analysis, the following themes were found: Academic difficulty, normalizing and affirming the diagnosis, living with undesirable emotions and behaviors, and negative social experiences. The findings reveal that the ADHD-related experiences of adolescents and their explanations for the ADHD diagnosis are not of a single nature. Instead, they were also perceived in a positive light as well as negative. The results reveal that the awareness of professionals and families who have contact with ADHD-diagnosed adolescents should be raised, and interventional and motivational programs directed at ADHD treatment-related negative experiences of adolescents can be organized.Öğe Cargo company recommendation study based on probabilistic linguistic term set(Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi, 2023-12-28) Çoban, Veysel; Aksezer, Sezgin ÇağlarThe global economic structure is the main reason for changes in consumption habits and consumer behavior. Developing information technologies direct producers and consumers to e-commerce. Cargo services are an important link in the chain in the fast and effective operation of e-commerce. The growth in e-commerce has a driving force in the development of cargo services and cargo companies. Cargo companies can survive in global competition by being preferred by customers and increasing their number of customers. The change in the number of customers occurs by communicating the satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the cargo company to potential customers. This study deals with the preference levels of cargo companies serving in Turkey according to customer suggestions. The data obtained from the survey evaluations are processed and recommendation ranking calculations are made for cargo companies. Probabilistic Linguistic Term Sets (PLTS) are used to eliminate customer ambiguities in survey evaluations. Alternative cargo company recommendations are ranked based on the customers' past service experiences from cargo companies. Aras Cargo, MNG Cargo, PTT Cargo, Surat Cargo, UPS Cargo, Yurtiçi Cargo companies are evaluated according to price, personnel, speed, reliability and network attributes. The maximum deviation optimization method based on the Lagrangian function is used to calculate the weights of the cargo companies' attributes. The probabilistic linguistic cosine similarity method compares cargo companies pairwise under attributes and a similarity matrix is obtained for six cargo companies. The similarity matrix defines the alternative cargo company recommendation ranking based on customers' past experiences. UPS, SURAT and MNG cargo companies stand out as the most prioritized companies according to the evaluation results. The effects of attribute weights are observed by designing six different scenarios and it is observed that the differentiating attribute weights affect the recommendation ranking. Spearman correlation coefficient evaluation based on recommendation rankings indicates a high relationship between attributes.Öğe Structural analysis of steel truss and masonry bridge interaction: a case of Ali Fuat Pasha bridge in Sakarya, Türkiye(2023-10-02) Akşar, Bora; Özdemir, Muhammed Alperen; Tutar, Ali İkbal; Çakır, FeritRestoration of historical structures using new materials and techniques is widespread worldwide. In these applications, relatively new materials such as steel, concrete, reinforced concrete (RC), or composite are generally preferred. However, it is often ignored whether old materials and new materials work in compatibility. In this respect, Ali Fuat Pasha Bridge (or Bayezid II Bridge), which was built by Bayezid II in 1495 over the Sakarya River in Geyve-Sakarya, was examined. The bridge is 196.50 meters long and consists of 15 arches with different spans and three arches of the bridge were destroyed as a result of the earthquake. Then, the bridge has been restored by constructing a steel truss system in place of the destroyed arches. Within the scope of this study, the structural performance of the bridge, which is currently serving vehicle and pedestrian traffic, is examined by using finite element analyses (FEAs). Moreover, this research examines the combined behavior of steel and masonry materials and investigates the structural behavior of steel truss and masonry bridge interaction. According to the results of the analyses, there are significant behavioral differences between the masonry structure and the steel structure. The main cause for this disparity is thought to be the varying levels of stiffness and ductility in steel and masonry sections.Öğe Sağlık hizmetleri meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin yaz okulu tercih nedenleri hakkındaki tutum ve görüşleri(Erzurum Kültür Eğitim Vakfı, 2023-09-15) İncedere, Levent; Tunç, SezenÇalışmada, sağlık hizmetleri meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin yaz okulu tercih nedenleri hakkındaki görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, 1Ağustos 2022 - 19 Ağustos 2022 tarihleri arasında bir vakıf üniversitesine bağlı Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu’nda yaz okulundan ders alan 102 öğrenci ile yapılan, tanımlayıcı tipte kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Veriler, “Yaz Okulu Tercih Nedenleri” anket soruları ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi ve tanımlayıcı istatistikler, T-tesi ve ANOVA testi ile yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların demografik dağılımları değerlendirildiğinde; %68,6’sinin kadın, %79,4’ünün gündüz grubunda eğitim görmekte, %33,3’ü %75 burslu öğrenci olduğu ve %69,6’sinin yaz okulu sonunda mezun olabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Anketin alt boyutlarına ait ortalama puanlar değerlendirildiğinde; yaz okulu ile ilgili düşünceler 19,68±3,9, yaz okulu tercih nedenleri 21,91±5,33, yaz okulu yapılan üniversitenin tercih nedenleri 12,03±3,98 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin yaz okulu tercih nedenleri alt boyutunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Kadınların erkeklere göre; yaz okulu tercih nedenleri ile ilgili puanı daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Üniversitelerde giderek yaygınlaşan ve araştırma bulgularına göre öğrencilere olumlu katkılar sağladığı belirlenen yaz okulu uygulamalarının, geliştirilmesi yönünde adım atılması, ücretsiz hale getirilmesi veya sembolik ücretler alınması, yaz okuluna ilişkin görüşlerin daha kapsamlı olarak incelenmesi, meslek yüksekokullarında daha büyük örneklem gruplarıyla yaz okulu ve öğrenci görüşlerine ilişkin kapsamlı araştırmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.Öğe Dijital ikiz teknolojisinin sinemaya yansımaları ve etik sorunlar(Motif Yayıncılık, 2023-09-19) Şeylan, SeherGelişen teknoloji ile beraber Endüstri 4.0 teknolojileri ile bilinirliği artan dijital ikiz uygulamaları pek çok sektörde sıklıkla kullanır hale gelmiştir. Daha hızlı, esnek, kaliteli ve kişileştirilmiş ürünler sunan dijital ikiz aynı zamanda değerlendirme, tahmin etme, öğrenme, analiz ve geliştirme gibi konularda işletmelere ve kurumlara zaman kazandırarak, hata payını en aza indirmekte ve kar oranını artırmaktadır. Sağlıktan kamu denetimine, eğitimden ulaşıma, havacılık sektöründen neredeyse tüm mühendislik dallarında kullanılan dijital ikiz görsel işitsel dünyada da kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu hali ile yapay zekânın sinemaya getirdiği yenilikler arasında yer alan dijital ikiz kavramının ortaya çıkması yeni olmamakla beraber sinema sektörü için kavrama ilişkin bir boşluk bulunmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı, Endüstri 4.0 ile önemi artan dijital ikiz uygulamasının yaratacağı etik ihlalleri tartışmaktır. Çalışma boyunca Netflix platformunda yer alan Black mirror dizisinin konu ile ilgili John is Awful ve (Ally Pankiw,2023) Beyond the Sea (John Crowley,2023 ) bölümleri özel hayatın gizliliğinin korunması hakkı, kişisel verilerin korunması hakkı, dijital mecralarda lekelenmeme hakkı ve toplumsal etik değerlerin ihlali çerçevesinde çözümlenmektedir. İnsanın dijital ikizinin oluşturulmasının pek çok etik sorunu beraberinde getirdiği görülmektedir. Çalışma, dijital ikiz uygulamaları hakkında bilgi verirken, uygulamanın sinemada yer alış biçimi üzerine odaklanan öncü çalışmalar arasındadır.Öğe Design guideline for life center unit for inclusive schools in Turkey(Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture, 2023-07) Cordan, Özge; Gülbahar, SimgeSupportive educational services in inclusive education (IE) are important for providing equal education rights to students with special needs and ensuring their participation in society. In Turkey, life center units, which were not included in IE legislation, were first established as a supportive educational service of inclusive schools at the primary schools and furthered throughout the secondary settings. Universal design (UD), which supports the accessibility and usability of the built environment for all, is recommended to guide the design of the IE schools. Thus, the aim of the study is to develop UD-compliant interior design guidelines for life center units by using a two-stage methodology. First, the dimensions of IE and the related physical environments in Turkey were examined. Second, periodic visits to life center units of Ankara Gökkuşağı Primary School and SERÇEV Accessible Vocational Anatolian High School were conducted by on-site observations and architectural plan reviews. The obtained data were analysed to acquire the interior space requirements, revealing the necessity of the life center unit for IE in Turkey and the need for design guidelines. The study is expected to fill an important gap in the field of interior architecture in terms of proposing a design guideline for supportive educational services in IE school environment. Moreover, the study is expected to provide a design guideline, specifically for designers, practitioners, academicians, and relevant stakeholders.Öğe Developing social sustainability criteria and indicators in urban planning: a holistic and integrated perspective(Konya Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık Ve Tasarım Fakültesi, 2023-06-27) Atalay, Hilal; Gülersoy, Nuran ZerenOne of the main reasons for today’s urban problems is the disregarding of social sustainability in urban interventions and the lack of an approach that evaluates social sustainability with all its issues as a universal and holistic one. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine and categorize social sustainability criteria, objectives, and indicators to measure and to assess social sustainability for ensuring the sustainability of cities that could be used in all urban areas and applied in urban planning. Within this scope, social sustainability criteria, objectives, and indicators identified by international organizations and academic/scientific studies on different scales and in urban areas were evaluated systematically and analytically. A matrix has been generated according to the frequency of occurrence of social sustainability criteria and indicators. Although research studies focus on criteria and indicators according to scale, subject, and specified matters. It is a necessity to identify social sustainability criteria and indicators that can be used on every scale and in every urban area. Accordingly, ten criteria have been determined: population, accessibility, education and skills, health, housing, security, belonging, participation, social capital and social cohesion, urban life quality, satisfaction, and adequacy of services. Based on the criteria, targets, sub-targets, indicators, and indicator definitions for each criterion have been identified. However, the significance of each criterion is addressed, as well as the reasons for their necessity for social sustainability. This study proposes a universal, detailed, and holistic perspective for the measurement and assessment of social sustainability that enables the use of both quantitative and qualitative data together and envisages the use of mixed techniques in obtaining and evaluating data. In addition, criteria and indicator systems will be able to guide practitioners and policymakers to make decisions related to the social structure before and after the implementation of urban projects.Öğe Elections and stock market returns: evidence from Borsa Istanbul(Marmara Üniversitesi, 2023-06-22) Kayaçetin, Nuri VolkanStock prices may display predictable patterns around major political events, particularly in emerging market economies where political risk is a key component of asset risk premiums. One distinct event that would be expected to result in an abrupt increase in political risk is elections. Motivated by this notion, we study the returns for a set of indicator and sectoral indices of Borsa Istanbul stocks and the U.S. Dollar–Turkish Lira exchange rate around political elections held in Turkey over 2001–2020. Our tests reveal an accumulation of economically and statistically significant positive abnormal returns for all Borsa Istanbul stock indices and negative abnormal returns for the U.S. Dollar–Turkish Lira exchange rate over a window that starts as early as a month before the election date and extends for two weeks into the post-election period, with the effect being particularly strong in the week that immediately follows the election. Consistent with a political risk-based story, volatility of index returns starts increasing over the same period and plateaus out at a level that is roughly one-and-a-half to two-folds greater than its pre-election period average.Öğe “Biraderler rejimi”nden “zorba biraderin rejimi”ne: otoriter sağ popülizm, liberal demokrasi ve toplumsal cinsiyet(Rasim Özgür DÖNMEZ, 2023-06-13) Demiralp, Seda; Sayan Cengiz, FeydaOtoriter sağ popülizmin yükselişinde, anti-feminist ve reaksiyoner söylem ve politikaların etkili olduğu, sağ popülist liderlerin siyasi iletişim ve üsluplarında da erkeklik vurgusunun yoğunluğu, popülizme toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifinden bakan araştırmacıların sıklıkla vurguladığı bir nokta olagelmiştir. Bu çalışma, otoriter sağ popülist liderlerin, liberal demokrasiye itiraz ederken, neden agresif bir maskülinist söylemi merkeze aldığı sorusuna yanıt aramaktadır. Otoriter sağ popülizm, liberal demokrasinin temsil ve çoğulculuk anlayışına karşı çıkarken nasıl bir toplumsal cinsiyet tahayyülüyle hareket etmektedir? Bu soruya yanıt ararken, feminist teorinin liberal demokrasi eleştirisinden ve analitik bir araç olarak aile metaforundan, özellikle de “kardeşler arası ilişkiler” metaforundan yararlanıyoruz. Çalışmada, otoriter sağ popülizmin, halkı homojen bir yapı olarak, lideri ise halk ile yekvücut olarak kurgulayışına odaklanıyor ve farklılıklara karşı takınılan agresif tavrın temelindeki toplumsal cinsiyet tahayyüllerinin analizini sunuyoruz.Öğe Mindfulness in the relationship between perceived stress and quality of life in pediatric asthma(İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2023-03-27) Ayhan, Ayşe Sena; Aktan, Zekeriya Deniz; Ülker Tamay, ZeynepObjective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the possible mediatör effect of mindfulness in the relationship between perceived stress and quality of life in pediatric asthma. Material and Method: The sample of this study consisted of 100 asthmatic children aged between 9-12 years who applied to the outpatient clinic of Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Allergy. Sociodemographic information forms, Perceived Stress Scale in Children (8-11 years), Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM), and Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) were used as data collection tools. Linear hierarchical regression analysis was used during the process of analyzing data. Results: It has been identified that mindfulness has a partial mediatör effect on the relationship between perceived stress and quality of life (p = 0.000). The presence of a partial mediator effect of mindfulness has been determined in the relationship between perceived stress and symptoms which is the subscale of quality of life (p = 0.000). Finally, it has been demonstrated that mindfulness has a partial mediator effect on the relationship between perceived stress and emotional function which is another subscale of quality of life (p = 0.000). The mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between perceived stress and activity limitations could not be analyzed due to the lack of a significant correlation between activity limitations which is the subscale of quality of life and mindfulness (p=0.178). Conclusion: It can be helpful to add psychotherapy interventions involving mindfulness practices to asthma treatment for better control of the disease in children.Öğe Rhetorical analysis of IFI Interiors Declaration(Çankaya Üniversitesi, 2023-03-28) Demirbaş, Güler Ufuk; Demirbaş, Özgen OsmanIn 2011; after a series of workshops, round table discussions, think-tank sessions and meetings with hundreds of professionals from various fields, International Federation of Interior Architects/Designers (IFI) introduced a striking document coined “IFI Interiors Declaration” as a manifestation of the interiors discipline. This manifesto focuses on the interiors phenomenon through seven predetermined concepts as value, relevance, responsibility, culture, business, knowledge and identity. The IFI Interiors Declaration (IFI ID) is a consensus based vision/mission statement that is manifesting the discipline of interiors through its purpose and value. Rather than trying to come up with a detailed explanatory document like a constitution, it was aimed to provide a more general and brief document for interiors internationally. The study aims to reconsider this historical document through a rhetorical analysis which aims to examine and understand the discourse of the declaration through seven specific concepts in relation with several other discourses and theories. It is concluded that the IFI Interiors Declaration is open for interpretation in relation with cultural and regional means but as a common understanding it is specifically addressing the fact that interior architecture/design supports life and humanity by all its activities, functions and actions.Öğe Government expenditure and economic growth in Central and Eastern European economies: a panel ARDL approach(İstanbul Okan Üniversitesi, 2023-03) Görkey, SeldaThis study investigates the relationship between government expenditure and economic growth with a primary concern of focusing on the long-run effects. It uses the panel ARDL-PMG approach as an econometric methodology for 11 Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) economies from 1995 to 2019. The findings from the empirical analysis indicate a significant long-run relationship between the two macroeconomic variables; however, the relevant relationship is estimated negatively. The findings for the short-run effects for the whole panel and country-specific estimations also confirm that higher government expenditure results in a statistically significant decline in real GDP per capita. Thus, the findings of this study do not empirically validate the Keynesian theory for 11 CEE economies covered in the research over the 1995-2019 period.
