Leveraging renewable energy for Turkey's future hydrogen supply chain: a stochastic programming model

Fossil fuel dependence and rising CO2 emissions due to population growth and technological advancements necessitate a transition to clean energy sources. The transportation sector, a major contributor to CO2 emissions, requires alternative solutions like hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (HFCVs). However, widespread adoption hinges on a reliable hydrogen supply chain (HSC). This study aims to design a HSC for Turkey's transportation sector in 2050, considering potential renewable energy sources. A scenario-based stochastic programming approach is employed to address the uncertainty in demand. Additionally, the Epsilon Constraint Method is used to incorporate multiple objectives, including cost, CO2 emissions, and risk, into the model. The results show that the types of facilities opened are compatible with the renewable energy potential of each grid and there is a decentralized structure. This study contributes to the design of a sustainable HSC for Turkey, showcasing a methodology that can be adapted by other countries aiming to integrate renewable energy sources into their hydrogen supply chains.