İstiklal Caddesi ve mekansal dönüşüm: Han yapıları
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019-05-15
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Işık Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States
Özet
Geçmişten günümüze İstanbul’un Beyoğlu semti, 19.yüzyıl reformlarının değişim ve dönüşümü nedeniyle merkezi bölge olma özelliğini sürekli korumuştur. Beyoğlu ve İstiklal Caddesi ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel hayatıyla diğer semtlerden oldukça farklı bir görünüm çizmektedir. Beyoğlu, sadece modern mağazaların olduğu bir yer değil aynı zamanda otel, restoran, kafe ve tiyatroların bulunduğu bir bölgedir. Beyoğlu denilince ilk akla gelen yerlerden biri de İstiklal Caddesidir. İstiklal Caddesi bugün İstanbul’un her kesimden insanı ağırlayan en yoğun caddesidir. Bu cadde, sadece geçmişte değil, günümüzde de popülerliğini sürdürmektedir. Beyoğlu, Osmanlının yüzyıllar boyunca denizcilik ve ticareti yabancı azınlıkların eline bırakmış olmasının bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bölgede yaşayan Hıristiyan halkı, Türkçe konuşmaması, kiliseleri, yabancı okul ve hastaneleri, görkemli binaları, Noel ve Paskalya ayinleri ile Türk halkına hem uzak hem de soğuk bir kitle olmuştur. Beyoğlu bölgesi, İstanbul’un ortasında var olmuş küçük bir Avrupa kentidir. Avrupa’dan getirilen mallarla dolu mağazaları, lokantaları, pastaneleri, pasajları ve hanları, tiyatroları, konutları ile İstanbul’un mimari açıdan en dikkat çeken bölgesidir. Ekonomik ve siyasi gelişmeler sonucunda üretim ve tüketim ihtiyacının artması, tüketim kalıplarının değişmesi gibi olgular Han yapılarının ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Bu han yapılarında konaklama ve ticaret ön plandadır. Ticaretin ön planda olduğu Beyoğlu bölgesinde birçok mağaza, lokanta ve kafeler han yapılarında faaliyet göstermiştir. Çarşı kültürümüzün önemli unsurlarından olan hanlar, İstanbul’un önemli yapılarındandır. Beyoğlu bölgesinde bulunan Hanlar, ticari malların depolandığı, değerlerinin belirlendiği ve satışının yapıldığı yerler olması dışında, otel ve konut olarak da kullanılmıştır. Hanlar, 19.yüzyılda Pasaj olarak adlandırılan yeni bir ticaret yapısı olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Pasajlar, Avrupa’daki, özellikle de Paris’teki örneklerinden yola çıkılarak yapılmışlardır. Ancak, İstanbul’un ticaret merkezlerinde büro hanı, geçiş hanı ve pasajların yanı sıra, 19.yy ve öncesine ait klasik Osmanlı ticaret hanları eski işlevlerini sürdürerek, yer yer büro hanlarında gördüğümüz fonksiyonları da üstlenerek varlıklarını günümüze değin sürdürmeye devam etmiştir. Hanların İstanbul’da yaygınlaşması ihtiyaçların yanı sıra, ticaret merkezi ve han olgusuna şehrin yüzyıllardır aşina olmasıyla ilişkilidir. Geçmişte ve günümüzde İstiklal caddesi, özellikle konutları, hanları, pasajları, otelleri ve dini yapıları ile önemli bir kent merkezi olarak da yerini almıştır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma kapsamında İstiklal Caddesindeki hanların geçmişten günümüze geçirdikleri değişim ele alınmıştır. Bu anlamda, Beyoğlu ve İstiklal Caddesinin, tarihsel ve mimari gelişimleri, İstiklal Caddesinde bulunan Hanların dünü ve bugününün mekânsal dönüşümü irdelenmiştir. İstiklal Caddesinde toplam 34 adet Han yapısı bulunmaktadır. Bu hanların bir kısmı aktif durumda değilken bir kısmı konut, otel, iş yeri, ofis ve mağaza olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, 34 han yapısından 10 adedinin durumları incelenmiş, güncel durumlarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak tarihsel gelişim içerisinde İstiklal Caddesinde bulunan hanların ilk kullanımından günümüzdeki kullanımına dönüşümünün nasıl olduğu incelemiştir. Ayrıca bu hanların İstiklal Caddesine kattığı değerler tespit edilip önemi araştırılmıştır.
Beyoğlu district of Istanbul from past to present has continuously maintained its identity as a central region because of the change and transformation of the 19th century reforms. Beyoğlu and İstiklal Avenue have a very different view compared to other districts with their economic, social and cultural life. Beyoğlu is not only a place for modern stores, but also a region with hotels, restaurants, cafes and theaters. A spot that comes to mind first when speaking of Beyoğlu is Istiklal Avenue. Istiklal Avenue today is the most crowded street of Istanbul that entertains people from every walk of life. This street carries on its popularity today as the case was the same in the past. Beyoğlu has emerged and developed as a result of the Ottomans leaving the maritime and trade in the hands of foreign minorities for centuries. It has been a region distant and antipathetic to Turkish people with its Christian people living in the region, non-Turkish speakers, churches, foreign schools and hospitals, spectacular buildings, Christmas and Easter masses. Beyoğlu region is a small European city that existed in the middle of Istanbul. With its stores, restaurants, pastry shops, pasajes and hans, theaters and residences filled with merchandise from Europe, it has been architecturally the most striking region of Istanbul. The phenomenon of westernization brought with it the physical transformation of Istanbul. Population has increased and many buildings have been constructed with new architectural styles. The sultans and other prominent figures of the Ottoman Empire also built palaces, summer palaces, mansions, mosques, and preferred them being built in the architectural styles then common in Europe. As a result of economic and political developments, facts such as increasing need for production and consumption and changing consumption patterns enabled emergence of Han structures. Accommodation and trade have been principal activities in such Han structures. In the Beyoğlu region as a trade center, many stores, restaurants and cafes operated in these Han structures. Hans have a great commercial and architectural importance in Beyoğlu region. Hans which are one of the important elements of our bazaar culture are among the important buildings of Istanbul. The Hans in Beyoğlu region were also used as hotels and residences in addition to being places where goods were stored and their values were determined and sold. It is important to learn the architectural features of the Hans which have been witnessed with the commercial and social life on İstiklal Avenue and information about the past and present commercial activities. İstiklal Avenue is also an important city center particularly with its houses, Hans, Pasajes, hotels and religious buildings. In this context, the change of the Hans on İstiklal Avenue from the past to the present day is discussed. In the 19th century, a new trade structure called Pasaj emerged. The passages were built based on their examples in Europe, especially in Paris. However, in the commercial centers of Istanbul, in addition to office buildings, Pasaj buildings and passages, the classical Ottoman Hans of the 19th century and before carried on their functions in the past in some places and continued to maintain their existence until now by also undertaking the functions we have seen in office buildings in other places. The expansion of the Hans in Istanbul is associated with, beside the needs, the fact that the city has been familiar to trade center and Han concept for centuries. In this sense, the historical and architectural developments of Beyoğlu and İstiklal Avenue, the spatial transformation of the past and present of the Hans on Istiklal Avenue are studied. Today, there are a total of 34 Han structures on Istiklal Avenue. While some of these Hans are not active, some others are used as residence, hotel, business place, office and store. In this study, the conditions of 10 out of 34 Han structures are examined and it was aimed to determine their current situation. As a result, it is examined how the original use of the Hans on İstiklal Avenue transformed into their use today within the historical development. In addition, the values added by these Hans to İstiklal Avenue are determined and their importance is investigated.
Beyoğlu district of Istanbul from past to present has continuously maintained its identity as a central region because of the change and transformation of the 19th century reforms. Beyoğlu and İstiklal Avenue have a very different view compared to other districts with their economic, social and cultural life. Beyoğlu is not only a place for modern stores, but also a region with hotels, restaurants, cafes and theaters. A spot that comes to mind first when speaking of Beyoğlu is Istiklal Avenue. Istiklal Avenue today is the most crowded street of Istanbul that entertains people from every walk of life. This street carries on its popularity today as the case was the same in the past. Beyoğlu has emerged and developed as a result of the Ottomans leaving the maritime and trade in the hands of foreign minorities for centuries. It has been a region distant and antipathetic to Turkish people with its Christian people living in the region, non-Turkish speakers, churches, foreign schools and hospitals, spectacular buildings, Christmas and Easter masses. Beyoğlu region is a small European city that existed in the middle of Istanbul. With its stores, restaurants, pastry shops, pasajes and hans, theaters and residences filled with merchandise from Europe, it has been architecturally the most striking region of Istanbul. The phenomenon of westernization brought with it the physical transformation of Istanbul. Population has increased and many buildings have been constructed with new architectural styles. The sultans and other prominent figures of the Ottoman Empire also built palaces, summer palaces, mansions, mosques, and preferred them being built in the architectural styles then common in Europe. As a result of economic and political developments, facts such as increasing need for production and consumption and changing consumption patterns enabled emergence of Han structures. Accommodation and trade have been principal activities in such Han structures. In the Beyoğlu region as a trade center, many stores, restaurants and cafes operated in these Han structures. Hans have a great commercial and architectural importance in Beyoğlu region. Hans which are one of the important elements of our bazaar culture are among the important buildings of Istanbul. The Hans in Beyoğlu region were also used as hotels and residences in addition to being places where goods were stored and their values were determined and sold. It is important to learn the architectural features of the Hans which have been witnessed with the commercial and social life on İstiklal Avenue and information about the past and present commercial activities. İstiklal Avenue is also an important city center particularly with its houses, Hans, Pasajes, hotels and religious buildings. In this context, the change of the Hans on İstiklal Avenue from the past to the present day is discussed. In the 19th century, a new trade structure called Pasaj emerged. The passages were built based on their examples in Europe, especially in Paris. However, in the commercial centers of Istanbul, in addition to office buildings, Pasaj buildings and passages, the classical Ottoman Hans of the 19th century and before carried on their functions in the past in some places and continued to maintain their existence until now by also undertaking the functions we have seen in office buildings in other places. The expansion of the Hans in Istanbul is associated with, beside the needs, the fact that the city has been familiar to trade center and Han concept for centuries. In this sense, the historical and architectural developments of Beyoğlu and İstiklal Avenue, the spatial transformation of the past and present of the Hans on Istiklal Avenue are studied. Today, there are a total of 34 Han structures on Istiklal Avenue. While some of these Hans are not active, some others are used as residence, hotel, business place, office and store. In this study, the conditions of 10 out of 34 Han structures are examined and it was aimed to determine their current situation. As a result, it is examined how the original use of the Hans on İstiklal Avenue transformed into their use today within the historical development. In addition, the values added by these Hans to İstiklal Avenue are determined and their importance is investigated.
Açıklama
Text in Turkish ; Abstract: Turkish and English
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-92)
xiii, 93 leaves
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-92)
xiii, 93 leaves
Anahtar Kelimeler
Beyoğlu, Galata, İstiklal Caddesi, İstiklal Caddesi Hanları, Pera, İstiklal Avenue, İstiklal Avenue Commercial Buildings
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Koç, S. (2019). İstiklal Caddesi ve mekansal dönüşüm: Han yapıları. İstanbul: Işık Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
