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Yayın Competency approach to human resources management: Outcomes and contributions in a Turkish cultural context(Sage Publications, 2006-03) Özçelik, Gaye; Ferman, Ali MuratThis article examines the competency approach to human resources management (HRM) in organizations through a review of literature and theories on the competency perspective. Building on previous theory and some empirical evidence, a new competency framework is developed. The main purpose of the article is to examine the effectiveness of the competency approach as a human resources strategy for promoting expected roles, skills, and behaviors in organizations. The article also examines potential challenges to implementing a competency approach to HRM in a special cultural context. This is provided by a case study in a multinational, fast-moving, consumer goods company in Turkey. One of the findings of the study is that there are challenges to implementing the competency approach due to the cultural differences between home and host countries. If properly designed, however, the competency approach can enhance selection, development, promotion, and reward processes to meet both individual and organizational needs.Yayın The impact of host-country environment and headquarters on strategic human resource development practices at MNE subsidiaries : a survey from Turkey(Işık Üniversitesi, 2007) Özçelik, Gaye; Ferman, Ali Murat; Işık Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çağdaş İşletme Yönetimi Doktora ProgramıToday, the acceleration in globalization and competition has given rise to an increased emphasis for MNEs in managing their international human resource base. One of the most important concerns for MNE subsidiaries is whether they adapt their human resources practices to local context (local responsiveness or isomorphism) or their HR practices are similar to those of their parent company. MNEs operating in multiple countries face the pressure for taking the demands requested by country-specific environmental forces into consideration. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of MNE organizational factors, environmental factors, subsidiary characteristics and MNE characteristics on local responsiveness of strategic human resource development (SHRD) practices of overseas MNE subsidiaries{u2014}wholly foreign owned MNE subsidiaries {u2013} operating in Turkey. Considering the significant increase of FDI in Turkey and the potential of further exploration about pressures for global integration-local responsiveness of MNEs, the main objective is to investigate the distinct forces for global integration and local responsiveness and to explore the strength of the existing relationship. The study tests the influencing dimensions on the SHRD practices through considering Institutional, Resource Dependence and Contingency Theories. Moreover, the strength of the significantly observed relationships is also examined. The evidence presented showed that local responsiveness of strategic HR practices being management of performance appraisal, management of career planning and also recruitment and selection criteria are dependent on the forces imposed from MNE organizational factors (national origin, control orientation, and international strategy) and environmental factors (the subsidiary's dependence on the local context, relationship with local customers and competitors). In addition, moderating influences were found regarding certain categories of the sample. Finally, the study presented limitations and proposed recommendations for further studies.Yayın National competitiveness: a conceptual framework and its application to Turkey (WP)(AIB, 2005-04-09) Ferman, Murat; Özçelik, Gaye; Uyan, Bilge; Tuncay, AslıThis paper is an exploratory study proposing a conceptual model of national competitiveness and suggests that the competitiveness of a nation is primarily dependent on the rate of productivity growth. According to the conceptual model drawn, productivity growth in turn is dependent on the infrastructure, the human knowledge base and the government. The paper explains the way these factors interact in reinforcing the rate of productivity growth leading to greater national competitiveness. The concept of national competitiveness is based on an extensive literature review and formulation of a conceptual framework inspired by the theories and discussions. The second objective of the paper is to examine Turkey comprehensively in terms of its degree of national competitiveness based on the variables conceptualized in the model. The model also tries to identify the extent of success Turkey has realized and challenges it has faced in developing national competitiveness. Along with the objectives of maintaining endogenous growth so as to upgrade itself among the ranking in national competitiveness, and coupled with the efforts of its accession process to the European Union, Turkey has made some significant improvements in some of the competitiveness variables, though it needs to take further steps to enhance its growth. The data collection process of the study is based to a great degree on secondary data gathered from the reports of universities, companies, press, and Internet resources. Some statistical data and information are also derived from the State Statistical Institute (DIE) of Turkey, the Turkish Industrialists’ and Businessmen’s Association (TÜSİAD), the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK), and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Infrastructure is a very important component of productivity. The results suggest that though Turkey has made some advancement in technology and innovation, it needs to further enhance its physical and technological infrastructure in order to improve productivity and attract more foreign direct investment (FDI). Turkey should be taking significant actions to attract more FDI against high competition from other countries through more privatization initiatives taken by the government and by sustained political stability of the government. The second variable is the human knowledge base which includes the level and quality of education and labor force effectiveness in a nation. Turkey has made significant progress in the higher education sector, which presently comprises 85 universities. The fact that the labor force is a crucial component for rising productivity, the cost of labor in Turkey is found to be much lower than EU countries due to the average effective tax rates on labor. In addition, labor productivity has increased in both private and public sector. Furthermore Turkey has demonstrated improvements in its macro-stabilization by putting into effect institutional reforms after the 2000-2001 crisis. Today, Turkey maintains its macroeconomic stability which has resulted in the rise of GDP and continuous declines of inflation to single-digits. Turkey has achieved significant developments through its economical, political and social reforms. Nevertheless making a greater effort to strengthen domestic productivity, attracting more FDI, investing in the educational system and increasing labor productivity and government efficiency would significantly enable Turkey’s emerging economy to realize full competitiveness around the world in a critical period to accede endeavors to EU.Yayın Business ethics and exploring its alignment with corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices(2016-09-14) Uyan Atay, Bilge; Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı; Özçelik, GayeThere is a growing recognition that ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have influences on the value system of the firm. Earlier studies have shown that good ethics is good business for consumer groups and society at large, which also helps a positive economic impact on theperformanceof firms.CSRisaphenomenon that represents those situations where the firm goes beyond compliance and engages in actions that take into account stakeholders’ expectations. The main purpose of this study to show how ethics culture developed in companies situated in Turkey with the alignment of CSR. That is, after consideration of the values of business ethics in the corporate social responsibility literature, the aim is to investigate the degree to which Turkish business have been acting in accordance with these values. To this end, companies located in Turkey that have published codes of ethics as well as CSR and sustainability reports were analysed to identify the links among values, ethics and corporate social responsibility when they are incorporated into the culture and management of a firm.
