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Yayın Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy in adolescents with panic disorder: a twelve-week follow-up study(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2023-06-16) İnci İzmir, Sevim Berrin; Korkmazlar, Ümran; Ercan, Eyüp SabriThe aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment in adolescents with panic disorder (PD). This follow-up study consists of 30 adolescents with PD without agoraphobia, aged 14–17 (15.53 ±.97). They were evaluated with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present, also the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered at baseline, at the end of the 4th and 12th weeks of treatment. EMDR therapy which is an eight-phase treatment approach composed of standardized protocols and procedures was applied for 12 weeks, one session per week. The baseline mean of the total PAS score decreased from 40.06 to 13.13 at fourth week and 1.2 at the end of 12th week of treatment. In addition, BAI score decreased significantly from 33.67 to 13.83 at 4 weeks and 5.31 at the end of 12th week of treatment. Overall, our results underscore the effectiveness of EMDR in adolescents with PD. Moreover, the current study suggests that EMDR may represent an effective intervention technique for PD in adolescents to protect against relapses and to overcome a fear of future attacks.Yayın Assessing the mediating relationships between psychological factors in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and cognitive disengagement syndrome(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024-04) İnci İzmir, Sevim Berrin; Aktan, Zekeriya Deniz; Ercan, Eyüp SabriThis study aims to investigate the predictive and mediating relationships between emotion dysregulation, internalizing disorders, family functionality, loneliness preference, and executive functions (EF) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and cognitive disengagement syndrome (ADHD + CDS). This study included 176 children and adolescents (92 boys, 84 girls) who were diagnosed with ADHD + CDS according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the Fifth Edition criteria by a fellowship-trained child and adolescent psychiatrist, between ages 8 -12 (M = 10, SD = 1.52) with a convenience sampling method. The solitude scale for children, difficulties in emotion dysregulation scale, Child Behavior Checklist, Barkley Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale, Family assessment device, and CNS Vital Signs test were used. The results showed that difficulty in emotion regulation, preference for loneliness, internalizing disorders and CDS symptom severity did not have a mediating effect between family functionality and EF. Still, emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between EF and internalizing disorders by itself and through loneliness preference. Also, preference for loneliness and emotion dysregulation had a mediating effect between family functionality and internalizing disorders. Finally, it was found that the effect of emotion regulation difficulty, loneliness preference, and internalizing disorders had a mediating role between CDS symptom severity and family functionality. In conclusion, the information obtained from this study on the etiology of CDS may guide future studies.Yayın Diffusion tensor imaging findings in children with sluggish cognitive tempo comorbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2020-06-16) Ünsel Bolat, Gül; Baytunca, Muharrem Burak; Kardaş, Burcu; İpçi, Melis; İnci İzmir, Sevim Berrin; Özyurt, Onur; Çallı, Mehmet Cem; Ercan, Eyüp SabriObjective: The construct of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) is characterized by daydreaming, mental confusion, staring blankly and hypoactivity. Our main goal was to explore neuropsychological differences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Inattentive presentation (ADHD-IA) groups with and without SCT symptoms compared to healthy controls. After detecting specific neuropsychological differences, we examined white matter microstructure using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data obtained from 3.0 Tesla MRI scans of the cases with SCT symptoms comparing to Typically Developing (TD) controls. Method: In this study, we included 24 cases in the ADHD-IA group with SCT symptoms, 57 cases in the ADHD-IA group without SCT symptoms and, 24 children in the TD group. We applied tract-based spatial statistics to the DTI measures for obtaining fractional anisotropy (FA), axial, radial and mean diffusivity (AD, RD, MD) to explore white matter differences for the whole brain. Results: Omission error scores and longer reaction time scores were specifically associated with inattention symptoms. Commission error scores were significantly and specifically related to SCT symptoms. Cases with SCT symptoms presented increased FA in the bilateral anterior and posterior limb of the internal capsule, bilateral cerebral peduncle, and the fornix than TD group. Conclusions: Neurobiological differences in ADHD cases are still relatively unexplored. We suggest that including an assessment for SCT in the neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies of ADHD may provide more consistent results.Yayın Increased cerebral blood flow in the right anterior cingulate cortex and fronto-orbital cortex during go/no-go task in children with ADHD(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021-04-01) Baytunca, Muharrem Burak; de Frederick, Blaise; Bolat, Gül Ünsel; Kardaş, Burcu; İnci İzmir, Sevim Berrin; İpçi, Melis; Calli, Cem; Özyurt, Onur; Öngür, Dost; Süren, Serkan; Ercan, Eyüp SabriObjective: Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a relatively new imaging modality in the field of the cognitive neuroscience. In the present study, we aimed to compare the dynamic regional cerebral blood flow alterations of children with ADHD and healthy controls during a neurocognitive task by using event-related ASL scanning. Methods: The study comprised of 17 healthy controls and 20 children with ADHD. The study subjects were scanned on 3 Tesla MRI scanner to obtain ASL imaging data. Subjects performed go/no-go task during the ASL image acquisition. The image analyses were performed by FEAT (fMRI Expert Analysis Tool) Version 6. Results: The mean age was 10.88 +/- 1.45 and 11 +/- 1.91 for the control and ADHD group, respectively (p = .112). The go/no-go task was utilized during the ASL scanning. The right anterior cingulate cortex (BA32) extending into the frontopolar and orbitofrontal cortices (BA10 and 11) displayed greater activation in ADHD children relative to the control counterparts (p < .001). With a lenient significance threshold, greater activation was revealed in the right-sided frontoparietal regions during the go session, and in the left precuneus during the no-go session. Conclusion: These results indicate that children with ADHD needed to over-activate frontopolar cortex, anterior cingulate as well as the dorsal and ventral attention networks to compensate for the attention demanded in a given cognitive task.Yayın Treatment of preschool children with obsessive compulsive disorder(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2023-04) İnci İzmir, Sevim Berrin; Ercan, Eyüp SabriThe aim was to examine the clinical features of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in preschool and the effectiveness of aripiprazole with a standardized Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy (CBFT) in the treatment of preschoolers with OCD. Twelve preschool children, 36–72 months of age were diagnosed with OCD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the Fifth Edition criteria by a fellowship-trained child and adolescent psychiatrist. They were evaluated with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime version and Childhood Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) at baseline, at the end of the 12th and 24th weeks of treatment. The baseline mean of total CY-BOCS score decreased from 33.67 to 13.83 at the 12th week and 5.58 at the end of the 24th week of treatment. Also, 66.7% of them had at least one psychiatric comorbidity. Overall, this study revealed the effect of aripiprazole with CBFT in preschool-aged children with OCD. Also, the presence of comorbidity that is seen frequently in preschoolers with OCD may complicate the treatment. Therefore, there is a need to increase awareness of OCD and its comorbidities in preschoolers to supply treatment at an early age.Yayın Exploring the impact of Flash technique on test anxiety among adolescents(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025-07) Çitil Akyol, Canan; İnci İzmir, Sevim BerrinThis study aims to investigate the specific effects of Flash Technique (FT) on adolescents with test anxiety. This follow-up study consists of 38 adolescents, 14–17 years of age (M = 15.39, SD = 1.13). Pre-post assessments were conducted using the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI), Scale of Attitudes Negatively Affecting the Performance I/Test (POET), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) at baseline, at the end of the 4thand 12thweeks of therapy. The FT was applied for 12 weeks, with one weekly session as an intervention. As a result of the therapy process, the baseline means of total BAI scores decreased from 25.26 to 2.18; the baseline means of TAI decreased from 149.79 to 39.13, and the baseline mean of POET decreased from 298.47 to 73.84 at the end of the 12th week of therapy. Also, the baseline means of SUD scores decreased from 9.42 to zero at the end of the 12th week of treatment. All the adolescents showed complete improvement after the 12th week of the FT. The study findings showed that the test anxiety symptoms significantly decreased with the treatment of the FT. FT can be an effective intervention for test anxiety in adolescents.Yayın The comparison of psychological factors and executive functions of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome to ADHD and ADHD comorbid with Oppositional Defiant Disorder(SAGE Publications Inc., 2024-10) İnci İzmir, Sevim Berrin; Aktan, Zekeriya Deniz; Ercan, Eyüp SabriObjective: The study aims to examine family functionality, emotion regulation difficulties, preference for loneliness, social exclusion, internalizing and externalizing disorders, and executive functions in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) and compare with ADHD, and ADHD+ Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Method: This study included 842 children aged 8–12 years. The subjects were categorized according to DSM-V as ADHD (n = 246), ADHD + ODD (n = 212), ADHD + CDS (n = 176), and Control group (n = 207). The solitude and social exclusion, difficulties in emotion dysregulation and Barkley SCT scales, Child Behavior Checklist, family assessment device, and Central Vital Signs (CNSVS) test were used. Results: According to the study, children with ADHD + CDS had higher rates of internalizing disorders. They also preferred being alone and experienced more difficulty communicating with their parents and solving problems within the family. Additionally, these children had difficulty recognizing and understanding the emotional reactions of others. The ADHD + ODD group presented a poorer performance on CNSVS domain tests except for the psychomotor speed test than other groups. Also, ADHD + CDS children had the lowest psychomotor speed scores and lower scores on reaction time and cognitive flexibility than pure ADHD children. Conclusion: This study will contribute to the etiology, treatment, and clinical discrimination of ADHD + CDS.Yayın Turkish validity and reliability study of the childhood illness attitude scale(Routledge, 2025-03) Aktan, Zekeriya Deniz; İnci İzmir, Sevim Berrin; Ünlü, Beyza; Yılmaz Kahraman, İpek SuSevere forms of health anxiety cause serious dysfunction in people’s lives. Childhood Illness Attitude Scales (CIAS) is an assessment tool used to evaluate childhood health anxiety yet has not been validated for use in Turkey. The study aimed to examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Turkish version of the CIAS (CIAS-TR). The scale was administered to 306 children aged between 8 and 15 years. In addition to the CIAS-TR, participants were asked to complete the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). To measure test-retest reliability, CIAS-TR was completed by participants 15 days later. Results demonstrated good psychometric properties with high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. A positive correlation with SCARED and a negative correlation with PedsQL. Results from Confirmatory Factor Analysis suggested that a four-factor model best fit the data. The findings of the study indicate that the Turkish adaptation of the CIAS is an appropriate tool for assessing health anxiety in children.Yayın EMDR Flash technique in adolescents with depression: a twelve-week follow-up study(Sage Publications Inc, 2024-07) İnci İzmir, Sevim Berrin; Çitil Akyol, CananThis study aims to investigate the specific effects of the EMDR Flash Technique on adolescents with depression. This follow-up study consists of 32 adolescents, 12-17 years of age (M = 14.34, SD = 1.56), including 7 males and 25 females. They were evaluated with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Children Revised Impact of Event Scale-8 (Cries-8). These were administered at baseline, at the end of the 4th and 12th weeks of treatment. The EMDR Flash Technique which can be utilized in the preparation phase of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to reduce the intensity of highly distressing memories rapidly and relatively painlessly was applied for 12 weeks, one session per week as a free-standing intervention. Also, the EMDR Flash Technique can be effective in decreasing the rate of noncompliance and drop-outs of adolescents. The baseline means of total BDI scores decreased from 48.19 to 2.16 at the end of the 12th week of treatment. Also, the CRIES scores decreased from 31.78 to 0.44 at the end of the 12th week of treatment. In addition, the baseline means of SUD scores decreased from 9.53 to zero at the end of the 12th week of treatment. Overall, our results underscore the effectiveness of the EMDR-Flash Technique in adolescents with depression. Depression is a significant mental health concern for adolescents due to its early onset and chronic nature. Depression can be observed in conjunction with PTSD, and sometimes, depressive symptoms may transform into traumatic experiences. EMDR is an 8-stage protocol that includes history taking, preparation, assessment, desensitization, installation, body scan, closure, and reevaluation, used to alleviate the effects of traumatic experiences. It is hypothesized that unpleasant and traumatic events are stored in a dysfunctional way, and it promotes an adaptive processing and resolution of the traumatic experience. The goal of EMDR is to achieve an adequate processing of negative experiences and to create new adaptive information. The EMDR Flash Technique (FT) is utilized in the preparation phase of EMDR to reduce the intensity of highly distressing memories rapidly and relatively painlessly. Although a few studies have shown that the FT is effective in adults, there is only one study to investigate the effectiveness of the FT in children and adolescents. This research, in determining the efficacy of the EMDR FT on adolescents with depression, particularly focused on depression symptoms and assessed the observed changes in these symptoms. It aims to evaluate the specific effects of EMDR-FT on adolescents with depression, providing a unique perspective compared to previous research that has mainly focused on broader mental health disorder indicators. It is hypothesized that EMDR-FT is an effective therapy for treating adolescents with Depression. In the present study, adolescents with depression showed significant improvements in symptom severity and their traumatic events impact levels decreased. As a result of our study, a 12-week EMDR-FT treatment was observed to be effective for adolescents with depression and in reducing and improving traumatic stress levels and depression. Our results underscore the effectiveness of the EMDR-FT in adolescents with depression.Yayın Understanding the development of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy for children: findings from a bibliometric study(Springer Publishing Co., 2025-05-20) Çitil Akyol, Canan; İnci İzmir, Sevim BerrinBibliometric analysis is a quantitative method used to determine the development of a specific academic field, publication trends, the most influential authors, and key topics. Systematically analyzing research on the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in children and adolescents is important for identifying the prominent themes in this area and revealing future research needs. Therefore, this study aims to systematically examine the academic development in this field by taking a bibliometric perspective on the existing literature regarding EMDR applications in children and adolescents. This study examines academic works in the fields of EMDR and child-adolescent mental health conducted between 1998 and 2024 by scanning for the keywords "EMDR", "children", and "child" using a bibliometric analysis approach. A total of 358 papers were found in the Scopus database and published between 1998 and early 2024, and only 223 of them were included in the analysis. The most cited authors, journals, organizations, countries, citation trends, key topics, and current growth were analyzed. The findings indicate that EMDR and child research are experiencing robust scientific growth and are receiving increasingly broader academic and clinical attention.
