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Yayın Tribo-corrosion behavior of electroplating, nitrocarburizing, and QPQ processes on barrel finishing(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023-11-27) Yücel, Aysu Hande; Yılmaz, Alpay; Bakkal, Mustafa; Kuzu, Ali TanerIn this study, the effects of nitrocarburizing, QPQ, and Cr coating on the surface properties of 32CrMoV12-10 gun barrels are discussed. Hardness measurements, pin-on-disc tests, and anodic polarization tests were performed to examine the hardness values, wear resistance, friction coefficient, and corrosion resistance. The hardness of the specimen treated with QPQ was found to be the highest. Comparing the hardness profiles, it was observed that the casing depth of the nitrocarburized sample was shallower than that of the QPQ-treated sample. The pin-on-disc test revealed that the nitrocarburized sample exhibited a high coefficient of friction, while the Cr-coated sample showed the lowest coefficient of friction. Analyzing the Tafel polarization curve, it was determined that the nitrocarburized and QPQ-treated specimens demonstrated similar levels of corrosion resistance. However, it can be noted that the QPQ-treated specimen had a slightly lower corrosion rate.Yayın Effect of scanning strategies and laser parameters on metal-composite joining(Bellwether Publishing, 2021-07-27) Kuzu, Ali Taner; Karagüzel, Umut; Erbay, Batıray; Bakkal, MustafaThis study presents an investigation on the effectiveness, automation characteristics, and mechanics of joints between different material types namely glass ?ber reinforced plastics (GFRPs) and SS304 stainless steel using an industrial Nd: YAG continuous-wave laser welder and a 2-axis custom design jig. The custom design jig includes computer-controlled (CNC) step motors, which provide high accuracy position control of the selected laser patterns. Four different patterns (Linear Curve, Hilbert Curve, Triangle Weave, and Curlique Weave) are investigated under different process parameters (laser power, lap joint length, and traveling speed) to obtain more robust joints. The strength of the joint is examined by variance analysis and found that the laser power and the pattern are the most important factors. Tensile shear tests present that the best-resulted joint carried around 4000 N before fracture. Polymer vaporization resulted in sub-millimeter sized bubbles that are widely formed inside the molten zone of the GFRP specimen. Therefore, a strong joint between GFRP and SS304 stainless steel could be obtained by a direct laser joining process at low power, with load adaptable space-filling curve patterns and without needing surface pretreatment, sophisticated clamps or high clamping forces.Yayın The development of a hybrid cutting model for workpiece temperature distribution via advection heat partition approach(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-04-15) Kara, Mehmet Emre; Kuzu, Ali Taner; Bakkal, MustafaThis paper presents a novel hybrid cutting model for the prediction of workpiece temperature distribution during the dry milling process of compacted graphite iron (CGI). The hybrid model consists of an analytical force model based on a mechanistic approach and finite element analysis (FEA) based on the thermal model. The heat generated during the milling process transferred to the workpiece is computed via the advection heat partition model. The workpiece temperature distribution obtained through the heat loads, using as boundary conditions in the FEA, was calculated by means of cutting forces. The developed force and thermal models have been experimentally validated, and good agreement between the measured and calculated results has been observed. The energy and active work calculations show that by doubling the feed during CGI milling, an energy saving of about 10% is achieved despite almost doubling the cutting forces.Yayın Experimental analysis on drilling of Al/Ti/CFRP hybrid composites(Bellwether Publishing, 2021-01-25) Kayihan, Mete; Karagüzel, Umut; Bakkal, MustafaCarbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) have superior mechanical properties such as high strength/density ratio, and good damping ability. CFRP which is frequently used in parts in the aviation industry can also be single or stacked together with titanium and aluminum alloys. However, delamination could occur on the CFRP surfaces after drilling which leads to deterioration in mechanical properties. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of process parameters and stack order on cutting force, torque are investigated. The tests were carried out at three different drilling speeds and feed rates on a CNC vertical machine tool by using a solid carbide cutting tool. The results of hole quality indicate that the process outputs are significantly affected by process parameters and stack order. The force and torque values obtained at high drilling speeds and low feed rates are independent of the stack order. However, the stacking order is determined to be the most effective parameter for the thrust force and torque values. The force generated during the Ti/CFRP/Al stack in which the highest force value is approximately 50% higher than the lowest force which occurs on Al/Ti/CFRP stack. The surface roughness value measured during the Al/Ti/CFRP stack is approximately half of the other stack order.Yayın Investigation of residual stresses induced by milling of compacted graphite iron by x-ray diffraction technique(Springer, 2024-04) Kara, Mehmet Emre; Kuzu, Ali Taner; Bakkal, MustafaThis study investigates the relationship between residual stresses, cutting parameters, and machining performance in the milling process of compacted graphite iron (CGI). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis is employed to measure residual stresses on the cast and milled surfaces, while cutting force modeling is utilized to calculate the tangential force, power, and active work. The results demonstrate that tensile residual stresses are predominant on the milled surfaces, attributed to the both mechanical and thermal loads generated during milling. By analyzing various cutting conditions, it is observed that lower feeds contribute to reduced plastic deformation, resulting in lower residual stress levels. Additionally, higher cutting speeds lead to higher temperatures, but due to the shorter machining time, heat accumulation is limited, resulting in higher residual stresses, especially at low feeds. At high feeds, residual stresses decreased as the cutting speed increased. The interplay between cutting parameters and residual stresses highlights the need for optimizing cutting conditions to enhance fatigue strength in CGI components. These findings provide valuable insights for process optimization and quality control in the milling of CGI materials.Yayın Investigation of residual stresses induced by turning of hot forged and heat treated AA7075(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024-12) Tok, Görkem; Kuzu, Ali Taner; Bakkal, MustafaThis study investigates the impact of cutting parameters on residual stress in components made from AA7075 material, which were hot forged and subsequently subjected to T6 heat treatment. Using the Taguchi experimental design, two distinct cutting cases—face turning and circumferential turning—were devised to assess residual stress at different sections of the part. During the turning process, force measurements were conducted with a dynamometer, and residual stress was subsequently measured using the X-ray diffraction method. The results indicate that both mechanical and thermal loadings significantly influence residual stress. Notably, spindle speed has the most substantial effect on residual stress in both face turning and circumferential turning, with an observed increase of up to 30% and 20%, respectively, in tensile residual stress for Case 1 and Case 2. When thermal loads are predominant, residual stress tends to be tensile, with measurements reaching as high as 89 MPa.Yayın Predictive modelling of surface roughness and residual stress induced by milling of hot forged and heat treated AA7075(Springer Nature, 2025-11-03) Tok, Görkem; Dinçer, Ammar Tarık; Kuzu, Ali Taner; Bakkal, MustafaThis study investigates the influence of cutting parameters on residual stress and surface roughness during the milling of hot-forged and T6 heat-treated AA7075 components. Using Taguchi L9 and full-factorial experimental designs and regression modelling, the research highlights important relationships between cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut), residual stress and surface roughness. Higher cutting speeds (350 m/min) and lower feed rates (0.1 mm/tooth) significantly minimized residual stresses, with hoop stress values decreasing from 108.7 MPa at lower speeds (150 m/min) to approximately 73.4 MPa at higher speeds, and axial stress values ranging from 45.9 MPa to 88.5 MPa. Surface roughness (Ra) was most influenced by feed rate, with measurement values varying between 0.25 mu m and 0.92 mu m. Support Vector Regression (SVR) demonstrated better accuracy for predicting residual stress (MAPE: 11.5%) and surface roughness (MAPE: 7%), outperforming Lasso and Ridge regression models. These findings provide a consistent framework for optimizing cutting parameters and enhancing residual stress and surface roughness in AA7075 machining processes, offering practical implications for improving component performance and manufacturing efficiency.Yayın Manufacturing techniques of bulk metallic glasses(Wiley, 2019-08-16) Bakkal, Mustafa; Karagüzel, Umut; Kuzu, Ali Taner; Koç, Muammer; Özel, TuğrulThis chapter discusses some of the most common metallic glass sheets, ribbons, and bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) rod, bar, and plate manufacturing methods. The discussed methods include: rapid quenching methods, water-quenching method, arc melting drop/suction casting method, high-pressure die casting method, copper mold casting method, cap casting method, centrifugal casting method, and metal foaming method. Water quenching method is one of the easiest methods to obtain amorphous microstructure for some BMG alloys. Method includes a sequence of heating and quenching processes. Another BMG manufacturing method is arc melting method with a special combination of different casting methods. Arc melting and drop casting methods are well established and known processes for BMG alloys. Drop casting is typically used to process materials with diameters larger than 6mm, while suction casting is used for casting of materials with diameters under 6mm.Yayın Experimental and analytical investigation of drilling in high performance hybrid composites(2019-11-09) Kayıhan, Mete; Karagüzel, Umut; Bakkal, MustafaHybrid composites produced by the addition of metal alloys to carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) have superior mechanical and physical properties, excellent specific strength and high resistance to corrosion. The most commonly used machining processes in the use of hybrid materials in industry is the drilling process. After the drilling processes, due to the anisotropic properties of the CFRP material, delamination, uncut fiber and fiber pullout are observed. For this reason, the performance of CFRP after drilling operation must be the main concern. Therefore, in this study, hybrid materials were tested on factors such as stack order, drilling speed and feed rate which should be applied in hole drilling process and analysis were made on various results. The tests were performed with three-factor and three-level L9 Taguchi orthogonal experiment design due to minimize the cost and material. As a result of this study, the best stack order and drilling parameters of the hybrid composite materials was determined with many variables such as force and torque values, the required energy, surface roughness values and delamination factors.
