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Yayın Identification of metabolic correlates of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease using magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and machine learning(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-12) Cengiz, Sevim; Arslan, Dilek Betül; Kıçik, Ani; Erdoğdu, Emel; Yıldırım, Muhammed; Hatay, Gökçe Hale; Tüfekçioğlu, Zeynep; Uluğ, Aziz Müfit; Bilgiç, Başar; Hanagasi, Haşmet; Demiralp, Tamer; Gürvit, Hakan; Öztürk Işıkk, EsinObjective: To investigate metabolic changes of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI). Methods: Sixteen healthy controls (HC), 26 cognitively normal Parkinson’s disease (PD-CN) patients, and 34 PD-MCI patients were scanned in this prospective study. Neuropsychological tests were performed, and three-dimensional 1H-MRSI was obtained at 3 T. Metabolic parameters and neuropsychological test scores were compared between PD-MCI, PD-CN, and HC. The correlations between neuropsychological test scores and metabolic intensities were also assessed. Supervised machine learning algorithms were applied to classify HC, PD-CN, and PD-MCI groups based on metabolite levels. Results: PD-MCI had a lower corrected total N-acetylaspartate over total creatine ratio (tNAA/tCr) in the right precentral gyrus, corresponding to the sensorimotor network (p = 0.01), and a lower tNAA over myoinositol ratio (tNAA/mI) at a part of the default mode network, corresponding to the retrosplenial cortex (p = 0.04) than PD-CN. The HC and PD-MCI patients were classified with an accuracy of 86.4% (sensitivity = 72.7% and specificity = 81.8%) using bagged trees. Conclusion: 1H-MRSI revealed metabolic changes in the default mode, ventral attention/salience, and sensorimotor networks of PD-MCI patients, which could be summarized mainly as ‘posterior cortical metabolic changes’ related with cognitive dysfunction.Yayın Shrinkage of olfactory amygdala connotes cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease(Springer, 2023-10) Ay, Ulaş; Yıldırım, Zerrin; Erdoğdu, Emel; Kıçik, Ani; Öztürk Işık, Esin; Demiralp, Tamer; Gürvit, HakanDuring the caudo-rostral progression of Lewy pathology, the amygdala is involved relatively early in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, lesser is known about the volumetric differences at the amygdala subdivisions, although the evidence mainly implicates the olfactory amygdala. We aimed to investigate the volumetric differences between the amygdala’s nuclear and sectoral subdivisions in the PD cognitive impairment continuum compared to healthy controls (HC). The volumes of nine nuclei of the amygdala were estimated with FreeSurfer (nuclear parcellation-NP) from T1-weighted images of PD patients with normal cognition (PD-CN), PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), PD with dementia (PD-D), and HC. The appropriate nuclei were then merged to obtain three sectors of the amygdala (sectoral parcellation-SP). The nuclear and sectoral volumes were compared among the four groups and between the hyposmic and normosmic PD patients. There was a significant difference in the total amygdala volume among the four groups. In terms of nuclei, the bilateral cortico-amygdaloid transition area (CAT) and sectors superficial cortex-like region (sCLR) volumes of PD-MCI and PD-D were less than those of the PD-CN and HC. A linear discriminant analysis revealed that left CAT and left sCLR volumes classified the PD-CN and cognitively impaired PD (PD-CI: PD-MCI plus PD-D) with 90.7% accuracy according to NP and 85.2% accuracy to SP. Similarly, left CAT and sCLR volumes correctly identified the hyposmic and normosmic PD with 64.8% and 61.1% accuracies. Notably, the left olfactory amygdala volume successfully discriminated cognitive impairment in PD and could be used as neuroimaging-based support for PD-CI diagnosis.Yayın Corrigendum to “Detection of visual and frontoparietal network perfusion deficits in Parkinson’s disease dementia” [Eur. J. Radiol. 144 (2021) 109985](Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2022-10-28) Azamat, Sena; Arslan, Dilek Betül; Erdoğdu, Emel; Kıçik, Ani; Cengiz, Sevim; Eryürek, Kardelen; Tüfekçioğlu, Zeynep; Bilgiç, Başar; Hanagasi, Haşmet; Demiralp, Tamer; Gürvit, Hakan; Öztürk Işık, EsinThe authors would like to add the following grant support that was accidentally not included in the original article. Acknowledgements: This study was supported by TUBITAK 1001 project #115S219, Istanbul University Scientific Research Projects Unit project #1567/42362 and Bogazici University Scientific Research Projects Unit project #15222. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.Yayın Neuroimaging findings related to panic disorder: a brief review(Klinik Psikoloji Araştırmaları Derneği, 2022-12-26) Kazancı, Dilara; Saltoğlu, Seren; Erdoğdu, EmelPanic disorder (PD) is defined by recurrent unanticipated panic attacks and anxiety of losing control, which negatively affects the patients’ quality of life. Various neuroimaging techniques allow to assess brain structure or function and therefore represent important tools to understand the mechanisms related to PD pathology. Current studies have highlighted neural differences between PD patients and healthy controls using MRI, PET, SPECT, or EEG. However, there is an urgent need to discuss findings from various investigations simultaneously in order to obtain a multidimensional understanding of PD pathology, which further allows identifying possible target regions for more effective treatment or prevention strategies. Therefore, the present work briefly reviewed PD related neuroimaging studies published between 2012 and 2021. Relevant articles were searched using a combination of keywords relevant to various neuroimaging techniques (e.g., MRI, MRS, PET, EEG, fNIRS) and to PD (e.g., panic, anxiety, panic disorder). Studies involving patients with comorbid conditions other than agoraphobia and participants aged under 18 were excluded. A total of 20 studies fulfilling inclusion criteria were considered in this review. Most of the reviewed studies point to structural and functional neural changes in regions of the proposed fear network mostly including the hippocampi, thalamic nuclei, amygdala, anterior cingulate corti, insulae and other frontal lobe regions. Such neural changes in PD are thought to result in a hypersensitive fear network affecting normal emotional processing. Finally, studies showed that different treatments can partly reverse these changes, which significantly improves the quality of life in PD patients.Yayın Rumination and the default mode network (DMN): a brain network review(Denta Florya ADSM Limited Company, 2023-06-01) Koçyiğit Ocak, Buket; Erdoğdu, EmelRumination is one of the most common repetitive negative thinking patterns and described as a pathological structure that involves focusing negatively on the past events and their consequences. Two subtypes of rumination are defined, while brooding is considered as an unsuccessful problem-solving attempt focusing on the consequences of depressive symptoms, reflection is considered as a relatively successful problem-solving attempt focusing on the causes of the depressive state. Within the last decade, rumination has been studied by its connection with the activity of the Default Mode Network (DMN), which is known as a structure that connects specific brain regions that increase their activity during the resting state (rs) and was associated with selfreferential thinking, memory and mind wandering. Additionally, a few recent studies suggest that besides the activity within the DMN, some networks working simultaneously with the DMN may also play a significant role in rumination. Therefore, five rs-fMRI (resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging) articles assessing the relationship between rumination and DMN are discussed in this study. These studies show that while the communication of some DMN subsystems are increased during the process of ruminative thinking, some subsystems of DMN seems to communicate less. Moreover, some evidence suggests that DMN synchronization might be impaired in high-trait ruminators. Finally, it has been tried to emphasize the points and suggestions that are valuable for future studies.Yayın The comparison of functional connectivity in Parkinson’s Disease patients with and without Parkin gene mutations(Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society, 2025-06-19) Çebi, Merve; Ay, Ulaş; Kıçik, Ani; Erdoğdu, Emel; Tepgeç, Fatih; Uyguner, Zehra Oya; Tüfekçioğlu, Zeynep; Samancı, Bedia; Bilgiç, Başar; Emre, Murat; Demiralp, Tamer; Hanağası, Haşmet AyhanIntroduction: Mapping the functional connectivity of brain regions became appealing in recent research in neurology. Accordingly, a growing body of evidence shows resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s Disease (PD). As characterised by extensive and progressive dopaminergic loss in the substantia nigra, PD emerges with serious motor and non-motor dysfunctions. In the literature, the minority of PD cases have been associated with certain genetic mutations. The aim of this study was to investigate the rsFC in a group of PD patients having Parkin gene mutation. Method: Twelve PD patients with Parkin mutation (PP-PD), 12 PD patients without Parkin mutation (PN-PD) and 12 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. All participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as a neuropsychological assessment and clinical examination. Results: Results indicated that PP-PD had longer disease duration, a higher rate of dyskinesia and lower scores on complex visual perception tests. The resting state networks showed that all PD (consisting of PP-PD and PN-PD) and PP-PD groups had increased functional connectivity in the frontoparietal network as compared to the HC. In addition, the PP-PD group displayed decreased functional connectivity in the dorsal attention network compared to the PN-PD. Conclusion: In conclusion, our data suggests that PD with Parkin gene mutation might be emerging with distinct resting state functional connectivity changes in the brain.Yayın Effects of early psychological trauma on limbic system structure and function(Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2024-12-25) Kılıç, Bengü Sare Sevda Pelin; Saltoğlu, Seren; Erdoğdu, EmelThis paper aims to review the subtypes of childhood trauma and its effects on brain structures and function, especially the hippocampus and amygdala within the limbic system, in the context of clinical psychology. For this purpose, original articles published between 1996 and 2024 were systematically searched in major databases such as PubMed, PsycArticles, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using keywords such as early childhood trauma, psychological trauma, limbic system, hippocampus, amygdala, and neuroimaging. The articles were initially screened based on their titles, and those meeting the search criteria, including study population, investigated brain regions, and types of traumas, were further assessed for relevance. Ultimately, 136 articles were selected and discussed in this review. Trauma experiences in early life can have a significantly negative influence on a person's psychological health by causing neurodevelopmental impairments, especially in the limbic system. While it is understood that trauma influences how individuals think, behave, and feel, the results of neuroimaging studies reveal variations in the amygdala and hippocampus based on different trauma subtypes. These changes merit deeper investigation in future research to fully understand the reasons behind the diverse findings in existing literature.Yayın Investigation of symptom-specific functional connectivity patterns in Parkinson’s disease(Springer-Verlag Italia S.R.L., 2025-06-14) Kıçik, Ani; Bayram, Ali; Erdoğdu, Emel; Kurt, Elif; Sarıdede, Dilek Betül; Cengiz, Sevim; Bilgiç, Başar; Hanağası, Haşmet; Öztürk Işık, Esin; Gürvit, Hakan; Tüzün, Erdem; Demiralp, TamerParkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease, characterized by pronounced heterogeneity in symptoms. This study investigates the functional connectivity (FC) patterns associated with distinct symptom clusters, aiming to elucidate the heterogeneity in PD and uncover the neural mechanisms underlying its motor and cognitive symptoms. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data from 55 non-demented PD patients and 24 healthy controls (HC) were used to perform seed-to-seed FC analyses. A clustering algorithm was applied to the cognitive and motor scores of all PD patients to generate relatively homogeneous symptomatic subgroups. PD patients exhibited a general decrease in FC within a network comprising the sensorimotor network (SMN) and the visual network (VN) regions. Symptom-based clustering revealed three relatively homogeneous subgroups, exhibiting a gradient pattern: patients with greater motor deficits showed significant disconnection within the SMN, whereas patients with greater visuospatial deficits exhibited reduced FC in an extended subnetwork, with pronounced disconnections between the VN and SMN areas. Our study demonstrated a notable disconnection between the SMN and VN, indicating impaired visual-motor integration in PD. Stronger disconnection within the SMN was associated with greater motor dysfunction, and stronger visual-sensorimotor disconnections were associated with greater visuospatial deficits. These findings suggest that at least two separate routes of functional disconnection may be responsible for the inhomogeneous symptom distribution in PD.Yayın Obsesif kompulsif bozuklukta göz-izleme teknolojisi kullanımı(Işık Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2024-10-31) Okandan, Buse; Erdoğdu, EmelObsesif-kompulsif bozukluk (OKB), bireylerin iş, sosyal ve aile yaşantılarında ciddi problemlere yol açan, işlevselliklerini sınırlayan obsesyonlar ve kompulsiyonlarla karakterize edilen bir bozukluktur. OKB, psikolojik ve bedensel semptomlara ek olarak bilişsel işlevlerde de bozulmalara neden olabilmektedir. Bu bozuklukların temel nedenlerini anlamak ve uygun tedavi yöntemleri geliştirmek amacıyla kullanılan araştırma yöntemleri, teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle birlikte çeşitlenmektedir. Son yıllarda bilişsel işlevleri (dikkat, tepki ketleme, görsel-uzamsal yetenekler gibi ) incelemede etkili bir araç olarak görülen göz-izleme teknolojisi bu alanda giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Göz-izleme teknolojisi, göz konumu, hareketleri ve göz bebeği değişimlerini ölçme yeteneğine sahiptir. Bu çalışma, OKB’de göz-izleme yönteminin kullanımını ele alan güncel literatürdeki araştırmaları incelemektedir. 2010 ve Eylül 2024 tarihleri arasında yayınlanmış çalışmalara erişmek için Google Akademik, Pubmed, EBSCO EDS, Cambridge Journals gibi veri tabanlarında, Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozukluk, Eye-Tracking, Gözİzleme gibi terimler kullanılarak arama yapılmıştır. Derleme, göz izleme cihazları kullanarak OKB'de çeşitli bilişsel işlevleri ölçen 14 makaleyi içermektedir. Sonuçlar, göz-izleme teknolojisinin OKB’nin heterojen yapısına bağlı araştırma zorluklarını aşmada etkili olabileceğini, daha objektif veriler sağladığını ve geleneksel nöropsikolojik testlerle elde edilen bulguları desteklediğini göstermektedir.
