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Yayın Neuroimaging findings related to panic disorder: a brief review(Klinik Psikoloji Araştırmaları Derneği, 2022-12-26) Kazancı, Dilara; Saltoğlu, Seren; Erdoğdu, EmelPanic disorder (PD) is defined by recurrent unanticipated panic attacks and anxiety of losing control, which negatively affects the patients’ quality of life. Various neuroimaging techniques allow to assess brain structure or function and therefore represent important tools to understand the mechanisms related to PD pathology. Current studies have highlighted neural differences between PD patients and healthy controls using MRI, PET, SPECT, or EEG. However, there is an urgent need to discuss findings from various investigations simultaneously in order to obtain a multidimensional understanding of PD pathology, which further allows identifying possible target regions for more effective treatment or prevention strategies. Therefore, the present work briefly reviewed PD related neuroimaging studies published between 2012 and 2021. Relevant articles were searched using a combination of keywords relevant to various neuroimaging techniques (e.g., MRI, MRS, PET, EEG, fNIRS) and to PD (e.g., panic, anxiety, panic disorder). Studies involving patients with comorbid conditions other than agoraphobia and participants aged under 18 were excluded. A total of 20 studies fulfilling inclusion criteria were considered in this review. Most of the reviewed studies point to structural and functional neural changes in regions of the proposed fear network mostly including the hippocampi, thalamic nuclei, amygdala, anterior cingulate corti, insulae and other frontal lobe regions. Such neural changes in PD are thought to result in a hypersensitive fear network affecting normal emotional processing. Finally, studies showed that different treatments can partly reverse these changes, which significantly improves the quality of life in PD patients.Yayın Rumination and the default mode network (DMN): a brain network review(Denta Florya ADSM Limited Company, 2023-06-01) Koçyiğit Ocak, Buket; Erdoğdu, EmelRumination is one of the most common repetitive negative thinking patterns and described as a pathological structure that involves focusing negatively on the past events and their consequences. Two subtypes of rumination are defined, while brooding is considered as an unsuccessful problem-solving attempt focusing on the consequences of depressive symptoms, reflection is considered as a relatively successful problem-solving attempt focusing on the causes of the depressive state. Within the last decade, rumination has been studied by its connection with the activity of the Default Mode Network (DMN), which is known as a structure that connects specific brain regions that increase their activity during the resting state (rs) and was associated with selfreferential thinking, memory and mind wandering. Additionally, a few recent studies suggest that besides the activity within the DMN, some networks working simultaneously with the DMN may also play a significant role in rumination. Therefore, five rs-fMRI (resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging) articles assessing the relationship between rumination and DMN are discussed in this study. These studies show that while the communication of some DMN subsystems are increased during the process of ruminative thinking, some subsystems of DMN seems to communicate less. Moreover, some evidence suggests that DMN synchronization might be impaired in high-trait ruminators. Finally, it has been tried to emphasize the points and suggestions that are valuable for future studies.Yayın Effects of early psychological trauma on limbic system structure and function(Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2024-12-25) Kılıç, Bengü Sare Sevda Pelin; Saltoğlu, Seren; Erdoğdu, EmelThis paper aims to review the subtypes of childhood trauma and its effects on brain structures and function, especially the hippocampus and amygdala within the limbic system, in the context of clinical psychology. For this purpose, original articles published between 1996 and 2024 were systematically searched in major databases such as PubMed, PsycArticles, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using keywords such as early childhood trauma, psychological trauma, limbic system, hippocampus, amygdala, and neuroimaging. The articles were initially screened based on their titles, and those meeting the search criteria, including study population, investigated brain regions, and types of traumas, were further assessed for relevance. Ultimately, 136 articles were selected and discussed in this review. Trauma experiences in early life can have a significantly negative influence on a person's psychological health by causing neurodevelopmental impairments, especially in the limbic system. While it is understood that trauma influences how individuals think, behave, and feel, the results of neuroimaging studies reveal variations in the amygdala and hippocampus based on different trauma subtypes. These changes merit deeper investigation in future research to fully understand the reasons behind the diverse findings in existing literature.Yayın Obsesif kompulsif bozuklukta göz-izleme teknolojisi kullanımı(Işık Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2024-10-31) Okandan, Buse; Erdoğdu, EmelObsesif-kompulsif bozukluk (OKB), bireylerin iş, sosyal ve aile yaşantılarında ciddi problemlere yol açan, işlevselliklerini sınırlayan obsesyonlar ve kompulsiyonlarla karakterize edilen bir bozukluktur. OKB, psikolojik ve bedensel semptomlara ek olarak bilişsel işlevlerde de bozulmalara neden olabilmektedir. Bu bozuklukların temel nedenlerini anlamak ve uygun tedavi yöntemleri geliştirmek amacıyla kullanılan araştırma yöntemleri, teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle birlikte çeşitlenmektedir. Son yıllarda bilişsel işlevleri (dikkat, tepki ketleme, görsel-uzamsal yetenekler gibi ) incelemede etkili bir araç olarak görülen göz-izleme teknolojisi bu alanda giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Göz-izleme teknolojisi, göz konumu, hareketleri ve göz bebeği değişimlerini ölçme yeteneğine sahiptir. Bu çalışma, OKB’de göz-izleme yönteminin kullanımını ele alan güncel literatürdeki araştırmaları incelemektedir. 2010 ve Eylül 2024 tarihleri arasında yayınlanmış çalışmalara erişmek için Google Akademik, Pubmed, EBSCO EDS, Cambridge Journals gibi veri tabanlarında, Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozukluk, Eye-Tracking, Gözİzleme gibi terimler kullanılarak arama yapılmıştır. Derleme, göz izleme cihazları kullanarak OKB'de çeşitli bilişsel işlevleri ölçen 14 makaleyi içermektedir. Sonuçlar, göz-izleme teknolojisinin OKB’nin heterojen yapısına bağlı araştırma zorluklarını aşmada etkili olabileceğini, daha objektif veriler sağladığını ve geleneksel nöropsikolojik testlerle elde edilen bulguları desteklediğini göstermektedir.
