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Yayın EEG signal compression based on classified signature and envelope vector sets(Wiley, 2009-03) Gürkan, Hakan; Güz, Ümit; Yarman, Bekir Sıddık BinboğaIn this paper, a novel method to compress electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is proposed. The proposed method is based on the generation process of the classified signature and envelope vector sets (CSEVS), which employs an effective k-means clustering algorithm. It is assumed that both the transmitter and the receiver units have the same CSEVS. In this work, on a frame basis, EEG signals are modeled by multiplying only three factors called as classified signature vector, classified envelope vector, and gain coefficient (GC), respectively. In other words, every frame of an EEG signal is represented by two indices R and K of CSEVS and the GC. EEG signals are reconstructed frame by frame using these numbers in the receiver unit by employing the CSEVS. The proposed method is evaluated by using some evaluation metrics that are commonly used in this area such as root-mean-square error, percentage root-mean-square difference, and measuring with visual inspection. The performance of the proposed method is also compared with the other methods. It is observed that the proposed method achieves high compression ratios with low-level reconstruction error while preserving diagnostic information in the reconstructed EEG signal.Yayın Effective semi-supervised learning strategies for automatic sentence segmentation(Elsevier Science BV, 2018-04-01) Dalva, Doğan; Güz, Ümit; Gürkan, HakanThe primary objective of sentence segmentation process is to determine the sentence boundaries of a stream of words output by the automatic speech recognizers. Statistical methods developed for sentence segmentation requires a significant amount of labeled data which is time-consuming, labor intensive and expensive. In this work, we propose new multi-view semi-supervised learning strategies for sentence boundary classification problem using lexical, prosodic, and morphological information. The aim is to find effective semi-supervised machine learning strategies when only small sets of sentence boundary labeled data are available. We primarily investigate two semi-supervised learning approaches, called self-training and co-training. Different example selection strategies were also used for co-training, namely, agreement, disagreement and self-combined. Furthermore, we propose three-view and committee-based algorithms incorporating with agreement, disagreement and self-combined strategies using three disjoint feature sets. We present comparative results of different learning strategies on the sentence segmentation task. The experimental results show that the sentence segmentation performance can be highly improved using multi-view learning strategies that we proposed since data sets can be represented by three redundantly sufficient and disjoint feature sets. We show that the proposed strategies substantially improve the average baseline F-measure of 67.66% to 75.15% and 64.84% to 66.32% when only a small set of manually labeled data is available for Turkish and English spoken languages, respectively.Yayın Biometric identification using fingertip electrocardiogram signals(Springer London Ltd, 2018-07) Güven, Gökhan; Gürkan, Hakan; Güz, ÜmitIn this research work, we present a newly fingertip electrocardiogram (ECG) data acquisition device capable of recording the lead-1 ECG signal through the right- and left-hand thumb fingers. The proposed device is high-sensitive, dry-contact, portable, user-friendly, inexpensive, and does not require using conventional components which are cumbersome and irritating such as wet adhesive Ag/AgCl electrodes. One of the other advantages of this device is to make it possible to record and use the lead-1 ECG signal easily in any condition and anywhere incorporating with any platform to use for advanced applications such as biometric recognition and clinical diagnostics. Furthermore, we proposed a biometric identification method based on combining autocorrelation and discrete cosine transform-based features, cepstral features, and QRS beat information. The proposed method was evaluated on three fingertip ECG signal databases recorded by utilizing the proposed device. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed biometric identification method achieves person recognition rate values of 100% (30 out of 30), 100% (45 out of 45), and 98.33% (59 out of 60) for 30, 45, and 60 subjects, respectively.Yayın A novel biometric identification system based on fingertip electrocardiogram and speech signals(Elsevier Inc., 2022-03) Güven, Gökhan; Güz, Ümit; Gürkan, HakanIn this research work, we propose a one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based biometric identification system that combines speech and ECG modalities. The aim is to find an effective identification strategy while enhancing both the confidence and the performance of the system. In our first approach, we have developed a voting-based ECG and speech fusion system to improve the overall performance compared to the conventional methods. In the second approach, we have developed a robust rejection algorithm to prevent unauthorized access to the fusion system. We also presented a newly developed ECG spike and inconsistent beats removal algorithm to detect and eliminate the problems caused by portable fingertip ECG devices and patient movements. Furthermore, we have achieved a system that can work with only one authorized user by adding a Universal Background Model to our algorithm. In the first approach, the proposed fusion system achieved a 100% accuracy rate for 90 people by taking the average of 3-fold cross-validation. In the second approach, by using 90 people as genuine classes and 26 people as imposter classes, the proposed system achieved 92% accuracy in identifying genuine classes and 96% accuracy in rejecting imposter classes.Yayın A new method to represent speech signals via predefined signature and envelope sequences(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2007) Güz, Ümit; Gürkan, Hakan; Yarman, Bekir Sıddık BinboğaA novel systematic procedure referred to as "SYMPES" to model speech signals is introduced. The structure of SYMPES is based on the creation of the so-called predefined "signature S = {S(R)(n)} and envelope E = {E(K) (n)}" sets. These sets are speaker and language independent. Once the speech signals are divided into frames with selected lengths, then each frame sequence X(i)( n) is reconstructed by means of the mathematical form X(i)( n) = C(i)E(K) (n) S(R)(n). In this representation, C(i) is called the gain factor, S(R)(n) and E(K) (n) are properly assigned from the predefined signature and envelope sets, respectively. Examples are given to exhibit the implementation of SYMPES. It is shown that for the same compression ratio or better, SYMPES yields considerably better speech quality over the commercially available coders such as G. 726 (ADPCM) at 16 kbps and voice excited LPC-10E (FS1015) at 2.4 kbps.Yayın Compression of the biomedical images using quadtree-based partitioned universally classified energy and pattern blocks(Springer London, 2019-03-15) Gezer, Murat; Gargari, Sepideh Nahavandi; Güz, Ümit; Gürkan, HakanIn this work, an efficient low bit rate image coding/compression method based on the quadtree-based partitioned universally classified energy and pattern building blocks (QB-UCEPB) is introduced. The proposed method combines low bit rate robustness and variable-sized quantization benefits of the well-known classified energy and pattern blocks (CEPB) method and quadtree-based (QB) partitioning technique, respectively. In the new method, first, the QB-UCEPB is constructed in the form of variable length block size thanks to the quadtree-based partitioning rather than fixed block size partitioning which was employed in the conventional CEPB method. The QB-UCEPB is then placed to the transmitter side as well as receiver side of the communication channel as a universal codebook manner. Every quadtree-based partitioned block of the input image is encoded using three quantities: image block scaling coefficient, the index number of the QB-UCEB and the index number of the QB-UCPB. These quantities are sent from the transmitter part to the receiver part through the communication channel. Then, the quadtree-based partitioned input image blocks are reconstructed in the receiver part using a decoding algorithm, which exploits the mathematical model that is proposed. Experimental results show that using the new method, the computational complexity of the classical CEPB is substantially reduced. Furthermore, higher compression ratios, PSNR and SSIM levels are achieved even at low bit rates compared to the classical CEPB and conventional methods such as SPIHT, EZW and JPEG2000Yayın Compression of ECG signals using variable-length classified vector sets and wavelet transforms(Springer International Publishing AG, 2012) Gürkan, HakanIn this article, an improved and more efficient algorithm for the compression of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is presented, which combines the processes of modeling ECG signal by variable-length classified signature and envelope vector sets (VL-CSEVS), and residual error coding via wavelet transform. In particular, we form the VL-CSEVS derived from the ECG signals, which exploits the relationship between energy variation and clinical information. The VL-CSEVS are unique patterns generated from many of thousands of ECG segments of two different lengths obtained by the energy based segmentation method, then they are presented to both the transmitter and the receiver used in our proposed compression system. The proposed algorithm is tested on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database and MIT-BIH Compression Test Database and its performance is evaluated by using some evaluation metrics such as the percentage root-mean-square difference (PRD), modified PRD (MPRD), maximum error, and clinical evaluation. Our experimental results imply that our proposed algorithm achieves high compression ratios with low level reconstruction error while preserving the diagnostic information in the reconstructed ECG signal, which has been supported by the clinical tests that we have carried out.Yayın Modeling of electrocardiogram signals using predefined signature and envelope vector sets(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2007) Gürkan, Hakan; Güz, Ümit; Yarman, Bekir Sıddık BinboğaA novel method is proposed to model ECG signals by means of "predefined signature and envelope vector sets (PSEVS)." On a frame basis, an ECG signal is reconstructed by multiplying three model parameters, namely, predefined signature vector (PSV)(R)," "predefined envelope vector (PEV)(K)," and frame-scaling coefficient (FSC). All the PSVs and PEVs are labeled and stored in their respective sets to describe the signal in the reconstruction process. In this case, an ECG signal frame is modeled by means of the members of these sets labeled with indices R and K and the frame-scaling coefficient, in the least mean square sense. The proposed method is assessed through the use of percentage root-mean-square difference (PRD) and visual inspection measures. Assessment results reveal that the proposed method provides significant data compression ratio (CR) with low-level PRD values while preserving diagnostic information. This fact significantly reduces the bandwidth of communication in telediagnosis operations. Copyright (c) 2007 Hakan Gurkan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Yayın On the comparative results of "SYMPES: A new method of speech modeling"(Elsevier GMBH, 2006) Yarman, Bekir Sıddık Binboğa; Güz, Ümit; Gürkan, HakanIn this paper, the new method of speech modeling which is called SYMPES (A Novel Systematic Procedure to Model Speech Signals via Predefined "Envelope and Signature Sequences") is introduced and it is compared with the commercially available methods. It is shown that for the same compression ratio or better, SYMPES yields considerably better hearing quality over the coders such as G.726 (ADPCM) at 16 kbps and voice-excited LPC-10E of 2.4 kbps.
