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Yayın Ontological insecurity, anxiety, and hubris: an affective account of Turkey-KRG relations(International Relations Council of Turkey, 2022-03-10) Kayhan Pusane, Özlem; Ilgıt, AslıGiven Iraqi Kurds’ special place in Turkey’s ‘biographical narrative’, Turkey-Iraqi Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) relations are not simply strategic or economic but also highly affectively charged. These relations involve emotional encounters filled with anxiety, pride, anger, and disappointment that generate concerns for not only Turkey’s physical security but also its ontological security. This paper traces the emotional context of Turkey-KRG relationship. It suggests that a combination of Turkey’s deep-rooted ‘anxiety’ and ‘hubris’ toward the Iraqi Kurds prevented the emergence of a close partnership between these two actors and fostered merely a ‘fragile rapprochement’ since 2008.Yayın Turkey’s emerging dichotomy between Erbil and Sulaimaniyah, Iraqi Development Road project and the fight against the PKK(Işık Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2024-04-30) Kayhan Pusane, ÖzlemThe vast literature on Turkish foreign policy has long discussed Turkish policymakers’ policy preferences and initiatives vis-à-vis the Iraqi Kurds without making much of a distinction among various Iraqi Kurdish actors. Although Turkish political leaders built closer relations with certain Iraqi Kurdish actors than others from time to time, there has not been a major policy variation toward different political actors of Iraqi Kurdish politics until recently. However, especially from the 2017 Iraqi Kurdish independence referendum onwards, it has been possible to observe an increasing level of divergence between Turkey’s attitude and discourse vis-à-vis the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), two major political parties of the Iraqi Kurdish politics. While Turkey’s cooperation with the KDP in the struggle against the PKK has significantly increased in the past few years, Turkish officials’ uneasiness regarding the PUK ties with the outlawed Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) and the People’s Protection Units (YPG) has been more and more apparent. This paper provides an account of Turkey’s changing attitude and discourse about the KDP and the PUK since 2017 within the context of the ongoing discussions about the Iraqi Dry Canal/Development Road project as well as Turkey’s fight against the PKK.Yayın Türkiye’nin Kuzey Irak politikasında değişim: Turgut Özal ve Tayyip Erdoğan dönemleri karşılaştırmalı analizi(Uluslararası İlişkiler Konseyi Derneği, 2017) Kayhan Pusane, Özlem1960’lardan itibaren Türk politika yapıcıları Irak’taki Kürt hareketine karşı mesafeli bir tutum takınmış ve benzer olayların Türkiye’de de yaşanmasından kaygı duymuşlardır. Fakat, Türkiye, öncelikle 1990’ların başında, sonra da 2007/2008 yıllarından itibaren, Kuzey Irak’a karşı mesafeli tutumunu bir tarafa bırakarak, aktif ve Iraklı Kürtlerle yakın ilişkiler geliştirme odaklı politikalar izlemiştir. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu iki dönemde Türkiye’nin Kuzey Irak politikası değişikliklerinin ne kadar lider kaynaklı olduğu ve ne ölçüde yapısal/çevresel unsurların etkisiyle gerçekleştiği sorularına yanıt aranmaktadır.
