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Yayın Investment behaviour and risk perception: an analysis for Turkish market(PressAcademia, 2023-07-30) Teker, Dilek; Teker, Suat; Demirel, EsinPurpose- The cognitive comprehension of financial indicators, risk aversion, risk perception, and investment behavior is defined as financial literacy. It's possible that a variety of characteristics, such as gender, age, income level, social standing, education, etc., will affect an investor's behavior. The purpose of this study is to highlight the behavior of investors in Turkish capital markets. The analysis is done on the results of two surveys, the first conducted in the fourth quarter of 2022 and the second in the first quarter of 2023. Methodology- This study's objective is to highlight investor behavior and risk perception in Turkish financial markets. In the most recent two consecutive quarters, the results of two surveys are analyzed and compared. Three sections comprise the surveys. A demographic question is asked in the first section. The second section asks questions concerning investment behavior, signs of financial stress, and confidence in regard to one's financial literacy. The final aspect contributes to the analysis of what people think of the Bitcoin market. In this study, Graphic analysis, Cronbach Alpha, Normality, and Mann-Whitney U tests are performed, respectively. First, the graphical analysis of the selected questions is made. Based on these graphs, the similarities and differences between the surveys are shown. Second, The reliability test is applied to the selected questions for the statistical modeling of the analysis. This test is determined as the Cronbach Alpha test. Third, the Normality test is applied to reveal which test to use in the next step. Two different tests are used for this analysis. These are the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Fourth, the Mann-Whitney U test is applied. At this stage, firstly, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon W test statistics are examined. The ranks are calculated for each variable. Finally, the Mann-Whitney U test is applied, and the results are interpreted. Fifth, The results of the two surveys are compared. Findings- The findings show both similarities and differences among numerous variables. For instance, holding time is defined as the amount of time an investor holds an investment or as the time between purchasing it and selling it. Investors' risk aversion and financial literacy both influence the holding period. Riskier assets force investors to adjust their purchase or sell actions dynamically. The results show various portfolio diversification behaviours. While men prefer to start with foreign currency investments, women are more interested in making gold investments. Also, middle-aged investors invest more in cryptocurrencies and take more risks than younger investors. Conclusion- based upon the analysis, findings it may be concluded that respondents do differ in their investment preferences and risk-taking over the years. The findings show various portfolio diversification behaviors. While men prefer to invest in foreign currency, women are more interested in purchasing gold.Yayın Investment behaviour in Turkey: perception towards cryptocurrency(PressAcademia, 2021-07-30) Teker, Dilek; Deniz, E. AsenaPurpose- Our health and social lives and financial markets have been significantly influenced by the Covid-19 pandemic. Even though the coronavirus' overall economic impacts are not yet known, a financial market reaction to the pandemic is observed. Studies show that the pandemic has strong impact on stock markets and cryptocurrency markets and also increases uncertainty. Cryptocurrency known as virtual money is one of the most important developments of digitalization. Cryptocurrencies discussed during the past few years and, in particular, a new investor portfolio, are highly popular. Cryptocurrency markets began to pickup with the arrival of bitcoin. These markets have started to be demand like stock markets. The purpose of this study is to establish the elements influencing individual financial investment decisions both on the cryptocurrency market and in the stock markets, with the performance of cryptocurrencies growing positively in conjunction with the pandemic in 2020. Methodology- While making financial decisions, individuals want to know how the market is carried over and they act accordingly. For this reason, both stock and crypto money markets have been examined in order to see the behaviour of individuals. The objective of this research is to establish the elements that influence individual financial investment decisions on both cryptocurrency and equity markets, since cryptocurrencies have a positive increase in performance parallel to the globally lower pandemic interest rates in 2020.In the study, it was collected with the data by survey technique. The survey examined investor behaviour in financial markets based on individual investor demographics on 428 individual investors. Findings- The study, which was collected with the participation of 428 individual investors with the survey technique, shows that the majority of crypto money users are between the ages of 25-34 according to gender, age and education level and are university graduates. When the data of the survey applied to determine the investment tendencies of individual investors are evaluated, it has been observed that the investors are mostly willing to invest in foreign exchange and cryptocurrencies arouse considerable curiosity due to their high return performance. However, participants believed that cryptocurrency market is riskier than stock markets. In our article, the level of perception about how cryptocurrencies are an investment tool is also not clear, and it has been revealed that investors primarily obtain information about this market through social media channels. Conclusion- In the financial sector, where competition is intense, financial decisions taken by investors are of great importance. Increased pandemic risk factor has led to ambiguities in investment decision-making. Global uncertainty continues despite the development of the vaccine. Corruption in cryptocurrency exchange, often mentioned in recent days, led individuals to research and to learn more about themselves in this area, who are investing in this industry or planing to do so. Our survey on investor behaviour in financial markets, which was carried out with the participation of 428 people over the social platform, was also prepared to be more on crypto money. According to the survey, developments regarding cryptocurrencies showed that the State had to regulate. The recent news about corruption reveals that cryptocurrency markets will continue to be precepted negatively for some time, but it shows that incidents are rapidly forgotten.Yayın Investor behavior and risk perception: a gender perspective(International Strategic Management and Managers Association, 2023-12) Teker, Dilek; Teker, Suat; Demirel Gümüştepe, EsinFinancial literacy is explained as the cognitive understanding of financial indicators and risk aversion, risk perception and investor behavior. Perhaps the investor behavior may vary depending on several factors such as gender, age, income level, social status, education etc. This research aims to highlight the effect of gender on financial market perception among Turkish investors. The outputs of two surveys the first for the last quarter of 2022 and the second for the first quarter of 2023, are analysed and compared. Therefore, two consecutive quarters are compared by gender for investment behaviors. This reserach observes some factors such as stress level, portfolio holding times, investment decisions and expectations regarding cryptocurrency markets. The methodology follows the Cronbach Alpha, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and ShapiroWilk Normality, and Mann-Whitney U tests respectively. The findings support gender differences in perception and investment behavior.Yayın The investor behaviour, risk perception and expectations on cryptocurrency markets(Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development, 2023-12-15) Teker, Dilek; Teker, Suat; Demirel, EsinThe financial sector, which has sparked increasing organizational and scientific interest in recent years, plays a vital rolein the Turkish economy. After enduring multiple economic downturns, consumers have become more cautious when considering financial investments, making it challenging for financial institutions to formulate effective marketing strategies. This study aims to shed light on investor behavior in Tukish markets. The results of two surveys are examined: the first conducted in the final quarter of 2022, and the second in the first quarter of 2023. This article delves into various variables, including stress levels, portfolio holding times, investment choices, and attention to cryptocurrency markets. The methodology employs the Mann-Whitney U test, Cronbach's Alpha, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Shapiro-Wilk normality tests. The findings from the two surveys are compared. Based on the analysis results, it can be inferred that respondents' investment preferences and risk tolerance have evolved over time. The results demonstrate a spectrum of portfolio diversification tendencies.
