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Yayın Factors affecting research and development (R&D) collaboration of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their local partner firms : a case study of Turkish automotive industry(Işık Üniversitesi, 2009) Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı; Ansal, Hacer; Işık Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çağdaş İşletme Yönetimi Doktora ProgramıThis thesis focuses on disclosing the factors that affect the Research and Development (R&D) collaboration between Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), and their Turkish partner firms, in the automotive industry. Following the literature review and pre-test interviews with the experts from the industry a number of different factors were identified. The methodology of the research was 2Case Study3 in order to provide an in-depth exploration of the factors. There are three case studies namely: Tofaş-Fiat, Ford Otosan-Ford and Hyundai Assan-Hyundai. The primary data was collected from 40 respondents (R&D/production managers and employees) by in-depth face-to-face interviewing. Findings yield that the most important factors affecting R&D collaboration for the local companies were production, innovation & R&D capabilities and then absorptive capacity of the local companies. The most important factor affecting MNE's R&D location decisions was the main R&D policy of the MNE (criteria for possible R&D collaboration, openness to R&D collaboration and strategic goals). Another factor, competition between other R&D departments in different countries, and other R&D department's competency were found as moderate level of importance. R&D Managers of Fiat, Ford and Hyundai found the Turkish government's R&D incentives very attractive, and found that Turkey's infrastructure, socio-economic conditions and cheap but skilled labor force were appropriate for undertaking R&D collaborations. Social factors (mutual trust, level of commitment and cultural conflicts) were found to be an important influence in MNE's R&D location decisions. The findings are expected to contribute to the R&D efforts and innovativeness of the Turkish Automotive Industry.Yayın İş dünyasinda teknoloji ile birlikte gelişen yeni beceriler ve işgücünde dijital eşitsizlikler(Işık Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2022-05) Dönmez, Sena; Tuncay Çelikel, AslıEndüstri 4.0 ile beraber oluşan teknolojik gelişmelerin bir sonucu olarak, iş dünyasında yaşanan değişim, yapay zekâ ve robotların iş dünyasında kullanımı ile birlikte çalışma hayatında değişimler yaşanmaktadır. Son iki senedir yaşanan pandemi, dijitalleşmeye son derece hız kazandırmış ve işgücü piyasası bu dijitalleşme sürecinden oldukça etkilenmiştir. Tüm bu gelişmeler, farklı mesleklerin oluşmasına imkân tanırken, bazı meslekleri tamamen ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Bu araştırma, yeni becerilerle birlikte işgücünün nasıl etkilendiği, hangi durumlarda iş kayıplarının ve işsizliğin meydana geldiğini vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Öncelikle; teknolojide meydana gelen yenilikler ile ilgili literatür taraması yapılarak yeni meslekler, beceriler ve istihdam konuları ile ilgili değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Daha sonra ise; dijitalleşme ile birlikte ortaya çıkan eşitsizlikler, eğitim, işsizlik, meslek kayıpları, psikolojik boyut ve toplumsal cinsiyet boyutu ile ele alınmıştır. Bu anlamda, nitel araştırma yöntemi ile çalışanlarla yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmış ve ucu açık sorular sorulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Endüstri 4.0’ın yeni iş olanakları sağlamasının yanında, üretim, hizmet ve ticaret gibi farklı sektörlerde iş kayıplarını meydana getireceği ve eğitimsel anlamda kadınlara ve erkeklere eşit katkının sağlanamamasından ve coğrafi, etnik gibi durumlardan dolayı gelecekte bir eşitsizlik durumunun ortaya çıkacağı öngörülmektedir.Yayın Evaluation of innovativeness of Turkey with respect to European Union integration(Işık Üniversitesi, 2003) Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı; Ferman, Ali Murat; Işık Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yöneticiler İçin İşletme Yönetimi Yüksek Lisans ProgramıThis thesis consists of four main parts. The first part presents information about the definition and classification of innovation. Product innovation, process innovation, technical innovation, administrative innovation, organizational innovation, radical innovation and incremental innovation are major headings in this part. The second part of the thesis mainly focuses on innovation process. In addition to various innovation process methods, Schumpeterian, Neo-Classical and Porter's approaches are studied and the basic of the National Systems of Innovation is presented. The third part of the thesis includes European Innovation Scoreboard 2002 (EIS). This scoreboard analyzes statistical data in four areas, which are human resources; knowledge creation; transmission and application of knowledge; innovation finance, output and markets. The scoreboard's statistical data are prepared for 21 indicators of innovation for each EU member states as well as 13 candidate countries including Turkey. The fourth part concentrates on the analysis of innovation on enlargement countries. According to Innovation Scoreboard, the Candidate countries perform favorably compared to the EU for the share of the working-age population with tertiary education (with Bulgaria, Cyprus, Estonia and Lithuania equal to or above the EU mean), the employment share for high-tech manufacturing (with the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia close to or above the EU mean), ICT expenditures (with the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary and Latvia close to or above the EU mean), and the stock of inward FDI (with the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary and Malta above the EU mean). For 3 indicators, these candidate countries are above the best performing EU member state: Lithuania for both working-age populations with tertiary education and high-tech venture capital, and Malta for sales of 'new to market' products. Innovative capabilities in the Candidate countries are dominated by less than half of the countries, with 88% of the leading slots taken by six countries: Estonia (8), the Czech Republic and Slovenia (7 each), Lithuania and Hungary (5 each), and Malta (4). Latvia occurs twice, and Cyprus, Slovakia and Turkey once. Poland, Romania and Bulgaria are never among the top three performing Candidate countries. This thesis point outs some unrevealed facts of the Innovation Scoreboard 2002. The data, which are taken from EIS, originally developed in order to form the following tables: the comparison of the GDPs, population of candidate countries, business expenditure on R&D and public expenditure on R&D. Those figures yield that Turkey has the highest rank in GDP, population and public expenditure on R&D and second best in business expenditure on R&D. The current performance and the results of Swot Analysis of Turkey are also presented in the final part of the thesis. Turkey's SMEs innovating in house and new to market production are above the European Union mean. Public and business R&D in Turkey has good grades among all the indicators. In Swot Analysis, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in innovation point of view of Turkey are given. The discussion about the results is summarized in the conclusion part of this thesis.
