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Yayın Characterization of Bulgarian oil shale kerogen revealed by oxidative degradation(Elsevier GMBH, Urban & Fischer Verlag, 2009) Budinova, Temenuzhka K.; Razvigorova, Maria; Tsyntsarski, Boyko G.; Petrova, Bilyana N.; Ekinci, Ekrem; Yardım, Mehmet FerhatA 13-step alkaline permanganate degradation of Bulgarian oil shale kerogen concentrate at ambient temperature was carried out. A high yield of oxidation products (90.1%) and a low yield of gaseous products (2.79%) were obtained. IR and (1)H NMR spectroscopic studies have shown that two significantly different types of high molecular products are present in kerogen. Further oxidation of these structures leads to the formation of low molecular aliphatic and aromatic acids, proven by gas chromotography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The data obtained at these mild conditions allow us to acquire detailed information about the aromatic structures and polymethylene chain lengths in kerogen.The 5-step oxidation of the kerogen at 90 degrees C provides information about stable aromatic structures. Soluble and insoluble polyfunctional acids in acid medium have close molecular masses and spectral characteristics. The amount of benzene and naphthalene carboxylic acids is 11.3% of the organic matter of the oil shale.Yayın Preparation and characterization of mesophase pitch based carbon foam produced at low pressure(Springer, 2015-08) Gül, Ayşenur; Yardım, Mehmet FerhatThe morphological changes during carbon foam synthesis depend on the process pressure and temperature, melting temperature, and viscosity of the mesophase pitch. This study is focused on interpreting the foaming mechanism and analysing the preparation process of mesophase pitch based carbon foams. Results have shown that more homogenous and better structured carbon foams were derived under higher pressure. The carbon foams exhibited higher density and strength at this pressure.Yayın Thermochemical conversion of bean pods to carbon materials and gas(Freund Publishing House Ltd, 2008) Ekinci, Ekrem; Budinova, Temenuzhka K.; Tsyntsarski, Boyko G.; Petrova, Bilyana N.; Yardım, Mehmet Ferhat; Cabal, Belén; Ania, Conchi O.; Parra, Jose B.The preparation of activated carbons from bean pods by chemical (K(2)CO(3)) and physical (water vapor) activation was investigated. The carbon prepared by chemical activation presented more developed porous structure than one obtained by water vapor activation. Carbon adsorbent with very low ash content and developed micropore structure is obtained by thermochemical treatment with conc.H(2)SO(4) of liquid products from carbonization of bean pods and activation with water vapour.
