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Yayın Underemployment in the Turkish labor market(Sosyoekonomi Derneği, 2017-07-31) Susanlı, Zehra BilgenUsing individual-level data from Household Labor Force Surveys for the period 2009-2015, this paper examines the determinants of underemployment in the sample of wage and salary earners in Turkey. Findings from Probit estimations indicate that the effect of gender on the likelihood of underemployment is not statistically significant, and there is a negative association between educational attainment and the likelihood of underemployment. Within the group of higher educated individuals, there are important differences across fields of study.Yayın 1995-2011 döneminde Avrasya ekonomilerine yapılan doğrudan yabancı yatırımların (DYY) dünya trendi ile karşılaştırılması(2013) Tuzla, Hayri; Teker, SuatKüreselleşen ve gün geçtikçe sınırların azaldığı dünyamızda doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları, başta ekonomik büyüme ve işsizlik olmak üzere, ülkelerin birçok farklı makro verisini etkilemektedir. Mevcut araştırmalar, doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının ekonomik büyümeyi etkilemesi yönünde güçlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu desteklemektedir. Ekonomik büyümenin doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarınıetkilemesi yönünde ise, daha zayıf bir pozitif nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Böylece, ekonomik büyümenin bir sonucu olarak, işsizlik oranlarında bir azalma beklenebilir. Bu çalışma, yedi Avrasya ülkesinin (Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Tacikistan, Türkiye, Türkmenistan ve Özbekistan) 1995 yılından 2011'e kadar çekmiş olduğu doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları trendini, hem bu ülkeler arasında hem de dünya trendi ile karşılaştırmaktadır.Yayın Türkiye’de beceri açığı: firma verisi analizi(Adem Anbar, 2020) Susanlı, Zehra BilgenBeceri açığı (skill shortage) terimi işgücü piyasasında becerili işgücüne ihtiyacın, mevcut işgücü arzından ne kadar fazla olduğunu gösterir. Bu çalışma Dünya Bankası tarafından derlenen Enterprise Surveys anketleri 2008 ve 2013 verilerinden faydalanarak beceri açığının Türkiye’deki firmalar arasındaki yaygınlığını ve beceri açığı olasılığının belirleyicilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Firma düzeyinde beceri açığı, anketlere katılan firmaların yetersiz eğitimli işgücünün firma faaliyetlerine engel teşkil edip etmediği sorusuna verdikleri cevap ile ölçülmüştür. Probit modeli tahmin sonuçlarına göre firma büyüklüğü ve kayıt dışı rakiplerin faaliyetleri ile beceri açığı olasılığı arasında pozitif ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir ilişki vardır. Beceri açığının belirleyicileri 2008 ve 2013 yılları arasında değişkenlik göstermiştir.Yayın Municipal Economic Enterprises vs. State Economic Enterprises: a new arena for employment patronage?(DİSK Birleşik Metal-İş, 2020-05-14) Oğuz, Ahmet Bünyan; Soykut Sarıca, Yeşim Pınar; Taşbaşı, AslıState Economic Enterprises (SEEs) have been going through a privatization process, which began in the 1980s, increasing its pace since the 2000s. Against this trend, some argue that Municipal Economic Enterprises (MEEs) are being used to create employment with populist policy intentions in recent years. These argument rests on the perception that the MEEs have replaced the SEEs in using employment as an instrument for populist policies. The purpose of this study is to compare the populist policies during the years 2003-2015 which mark the timeline that privatization took speed, by means of the employment provided through the municipality in contrast to the employment policies of the previous governments, realized through SEEs. Theoretical approach of the study is based on Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, which includes the key concepts of patronage, clientelism and social state. Research findings within the limitation of data unavailability suggest that, MEEs do not have a significant potential for populist policies by means of employment patronage. On the other hand, since MEEs manage their operations by means of outsourcing, subcontracting and tenders to private sector companies, one can suggest that there is a potential clientelism relation between them and their service providers.Yayın Küçük açık ekonomilerde döviz kuru ile faiz oranı arasındaki oynaklık değiş-tokuşunun kestirimi: Hong Kong örneği(Marmara Üniversitesi, 2014) Taşbaşı Şen, AslıBu çalışmada, döviz kurlarındaki oynaklığın (volatility) ortadan kaldırılmasının faiz oranlarındaki oynaklığı artırıp artırmadığı sorusu görgül olarak incelenerek, sabit ve esnek döviz kuru sistemleri arasındaki politika tercihinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştıır. Oynaklık değiş-tokuşu (volatility trade off) olarak adlandırılan bu hipotez, Hong Kong ekonomisi için, genelleştirilmiş ardışık bağlanımlı, koşullu, değişen varyans (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity - GARCH) modeli yardımıyla sınanmıştır. Veri kümesi, kriz öncesi dönem, kriz dönemi ve kriz sonrası dönem olarak üç alt kümeye bölünmüş ve farklı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Kriz öncesi ve kriz sonrası dönemler döviz kuru oynaklığı ile faiz oranı oynaklığı arasında bir değiş-tokuşa işaret ederken, kriz döneminde değiş-tokuş hipotezine aykırı olarak döviz kuru ve faiz oranı hareketleri arasında pozitif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.Yayın Venture capital and business angels: Turkish case(Elsevier Science BV, 2016) Teker, Suat; Teker, DilekVenture capital (VC) may be defined as a support to entrepreneurial talents and appetite by turning ideas and basic science into products and services which are expected to envy the world. Although venture capitalists and business angels supply external funding for risky investments, the aspects of venture capitalists and business angels are different approaching the investment candidates. Business angels in the last decade have become undispansible players providing external capital for risky start-ups and contributing technological advancements and economic growth. Business angels could be either private wealth individuals or institutional venture capitalists. Private angels invest their own money that's why their invested capacity are limited while venture capitalists invest others'money with an extensive source. This research examines the the way of doing business for venture capitalists and business angels. Furthermore, venture capital market and business angels are reviewed for the Turkish case.Yayın Financial performance of top 20 airlines(Elsevier Science BV, 2016) Teker, Suat; Teker, Dilek; Güner, AyşegülThis empricial research article intends to analyse the financial performance of the top 20 airlines in the Word for the period of year 2011 and 2014. In order to measure the financial performance of the airlines on a uniqie base, an hormonic index is propesed by considering performance areas of profitability, operating, efficiency and liquidity. Next, each performance area is defined by using a various of performance ratios. Finally, all airlines companies examined are listed by their harmonic index scores. The total assets of the 20 biggest airlines are amounted over $457 billion in 2014 and Delta Airlines with an assest size of $54 billion is the biggest ailines. On the other hand, the highest revenue generated by Luftansa in 2011, 2012 and 2013 over $40 billion per year The empricial results show that the worst scores of harmonic index refer American Airlines in 2011, Soutwest in 2012, China Eastern Airlines in 2013 and Quantas Airways in 2014, while the best scores of harmonic index point Delta in 2011, Hainan Airlines in 2012 and EasyJet in 2013 and 2014. This analysis supports that the measurement of financial performance based upon total revenuue or profitability is somehow weak and may be extented by including other indicators.Yayın Anti-tobacco control industry strategies in Turkey(BioMed Central Ltd, 2018-02-26) Keklik, Seda; Gültekin Karakas, DeryaBackground: Transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) penetrated the Turkish cigarette market due to trade and investment liberalization in the post-1980 period and eventually secured full control. Despite tobacco control policies put in place in reaction to accelerating consumption, TTCs reinforced their market power through a variety of strategies. This paper explores industry strategies that counteract tobacco control policies in Turkey. Methods: The study employs both qualitative and quantitative analyses to explore industry strategies in Turkey. Besides the content analyses of industry and market reports, descriptive analyses were conducted for the sub-periods of 1999-2015. The analyses focus on the market strategies of product innovation, advertisement-promotion, cost management and pricing. Results: Rising sales of low tar, ultra-low tar, slim, super-slim and flavoured cigarettes indicate that product innovation served to sustain consumption. Besides, the tobacco industry, using its strong distribution channels, the Internet, and CSR projects, were found to have promoted smoking indirectly. The industry also rationalized manufacturing facilities and reduced the cost of tobacco, making Turkey a cigarette-manufacturing base. Tobacco manufacturers, moreover, offered cigarettes in different price segments and adjusted net prices both up and down according to price categories and market conditions. In response to the successful effect of shifts in price margins, the market share of mid-priced cigarettes expanded while those within the economy category maintained the highest market share. As a result of pricing strategies, net sales revenues increased. Aside from official cigarette sales, the upward trends in the registered and unregistered sales of cigarette substitutes indicate that the demand-side tobacco control efforts remain inadequate. Conclusions: The Turkish case reveals that the resilience of the tobacco industry vis-a-vis mainstream tobacco control efforts necessitates a new policy perspective. Rising market concentration by TTCs and the global nature of industry strategies require that the highly profitable manufacturing and trade of tobacco products should be discouraged on a basis of international collaboration. To reduce and eventually eradicate tobacco consumption, supply-side tobacco control measures are needed along with demand-side policies.Yayın G20: On Behalf of the Rest?(Elsevier Science BV, 2016) Teker, Suat; Yüksel, Ahmet HakanMajor developments in the last three decades have set the scene for the rise of novel problems on global scale. The unprecedented level of interdependence and interconnectedness between countries, firms and institutions has paved the way for the emergence of, both, novel practices that increase the quality of life and intriguingly complicated issues of global governance. The relationship between global actors are so intertwined that striving for predictability is barely feasible. In spite of the enhanced capabilities gained through involvement in the economic and financial value creation process, there are perils ahead for better global governance. Major issues pose global actors in terms of credibility, building and ensuring sustainability, erosion of capacity to fulfill promises and increasing fragility of financial markets as well as issues regarding depleting energy resources, environment and security. G-20 emerged as a remedial governance structure in the wake of the 2008 financial turmoil making sure that the prominent dynamic emerging countries are seated around the table. The expansion of G-8 into G-20 including the new global powerhouses has many positive implications. However, ongoing debates regarding this structure oscillate between hope and contestation. This conceptual paper intends to draw a general framework regarding the representative capability of G20 members and discuss the hybrid quality of this so called steering committee given the era of turbulence that the world is heading towards.Yayın Venture capital markets: A cross country analysis(Elsevier Science BV, 2016) Teker, Dilek; Teker, Suat; Teraman, ÖzgürVenture capital (VC) may be defined as a support to entrepreneurial talents and appetite by turning ideas and basic science into products and services which are expected to envy the world. Venture capital funds are able to build companies from the simplest form to mature organizations. Venture capital investors generally actively engage with management of the company by typically taking place on the board. Through the due diligence process the venture capital firms concentrate on the founders, the management team, the concept, the marketplace, the revenue model, the value-added potential of the firm, the amount of capital needed to heal the business and whether all these fit to the fund's objectives. Over the next three to eight years, the venture firm works with the founding entrepreneur/s to grow the company. Once a company funded by venture capital matures and becomes successful, venture funds generally exit by taking it public through an initial public offering (IPO) or by selling it to big companies. This allows the venture funds to be free from the previous investment and invest in the next generation of companies. United States, Europe, Israel, Canada, China and India have the most developed markets for venture capital environment. The size of the venture capital market is nowadays about $50 billion and the United States has the most funds for venture capital of $33.1 billion in 2013. Venture capital firms may invest in promising firms in stages of seed, first round, second round or later. The median investment amounts in the United States in 2013 are $0.5 million for seed, $2.5 million for first round, $5.7 million for second round and $10 for later stage. The most attractive sector for venture capital is information technology for the United States, Israel and Canada, invested over $10 billion in 2013, while the most attractive sector is consumer products for Europe, China and India, invested over $4.8 billion in 2013.
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