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Yayın Space, time, and iconicity in Turkish sign language (TID)(Estonian Academy Publishers, 2012) Arik, EnginMuch evidence points to the conclusion that temporal concepts are drawn primarily from the conceptualization of space. Sign languages provide a particularly suitable area for observing such a relationship since they employ a three-dimensional signing space as a major building block for articulation. This paper addresses spatial and temporal language in Turkish Sign Language (TID), which has a full-fledged grammar and a natural language used by the deaf community in Turkey. It investigates descriptions of static and dynamic spatial situations and expressions of time. Results showed mismatches between the axial information in the stimuli and the use of left-right and front-back axes in the signing space. Furthermore, results also showed that the temporal language did not always correlate with the deictic use of the front-back axis. Thus, these findings suggest that temporal language may only partially be derived from spatial language.Yayın Attachment to god, stressful life events, and changes in psychological distress(Springer Heidelberg, 2012-01) Ellison, Christopher G.; Bradshaw, Matt; Küyel, Nilay Behice; Marcum, Jack P.Considerable research shows that social relationships, attachments, and support systems promote emotional well-being. The present study adds to this literature by examining the connection between attachments to God and psychological distress. Analyzing longitudinal data (two waves) from a study of Presbyterian (PCUSA) elders and rank-and-file laypersons, results show that: (1) a secure attachment to God at baseline is associated with a decrease in distress over time; (2) a secure attachment to God buffers against the deleterious effects of stressful life events on distress; and (3) an anxious attachment to God exacerbates the harmful effects of stress. In these analyses, a secure attachment to God is a more robust predictor of changes in distress than many, more commonly studied variables including race, gender, SES, and church attendance. Future research should therefore replicate and extend this line of promising scholarship by examining additional outcomes such as psychiatric illness, physical health, and even mortality risk.Yayın Yayın Left/right and front/back in sign, speech, and co-speech gestures: what do data from Turkish sign language, croatian sign language, American sign language, Turkish, Croatian, and English reveal?(Versita, 2011-09) Arık, EnginResearch has shown that spoken languages differ from each other in their representation of space. Using hands, body, and physical space in front of signers to represent space, do sign languages differ from each other? To what extent are they similar to spoken languages in their expressions of spatial relations? The present study targeted these questions by exploring the descriptions of static situations in sign languages (Turkish Sign Language, Croatian Sign Language, American Sign Language) and spoken languages, including co-speech gestures (Turkish, Croatian, and English). It is found that signed and spoken languages differ from each other in their linguistic constructions for the left/right and front/back spatial relation. They also differ from one another in their mapping strategies. Crucially, being a signer does not require more direct iconic mappings than a speaker would use. It is also found that co-speech gestures can complement spoken language descriptions.Yayın The expressions of spatial relations during interaction in American sign language, Croatian sign language, and Turkish sign language(Versita, 2012-11) Arik, EnginSigners use their body and the space in front of them iconically. Does iconicity lead to the same mapping strategies in construing space during interaction across sign languages? The present study addressed this question by conducting an experimental study on basic static and motion event descriptions during interaction (describer input and addressee re-signing/retelling) in American Sign Language, Croatian Sign Language, and Turkish Sign Language. I found that the three sign languages are similar in using classifier predicates of location, orientation, and movement, predominantly employing an egocentric (viewer) perspective but also a non-egocentric perspective, and using similar mapping strategies regardless of interlocutor positions. However, these three sign languages differ from each other in the effects of location and orientation of the objects in pictures and movies, the descriptions of picture (states) vs. movie (motion events), and describer input vs. addressee retellings in their mapping strategies. This study contributes to our knowledge of how the expressions of spatial relations are conveyed in natural human language.
