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Yayın Analysing gender equality and empowerment in Turkish companies: an exploratory case to achieve United Nation’s sustainability goal(PressAcademia, 2023-06-30) Dönmez, Sena; Tuncay Çelikel, AslıPurpose- United Nations' Sustainability Goal 5, "Achieving Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls," is a critically important topic in today's sustainability agenda. This exploratory case study aims to delve into the current status of gender equality and women's empowerment in Turkish businesses. Furthermore, it seeks to propose a roadmap with thematic areas that can guide companies in fulfilling Goal 5. Methodology- For this qualitative research, the study engaged professionals in Türkiye, specifically in the manufacturing and logistics industries in Istanbul. The research employed both preliminary and face-to-face interviews to gather insights from experts in the field of sustainability and those working on SDG 5. The preliminary phase involved two managers, while the subsequent face-to-face interviews involved five key experts. A total of ten open-ended questions were posed to representatives from five companies, comprising sustainability managers and specialists from the manufacturing and logistics sectors. Findings- Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) literature revealed various themes related to gender equality and empowerment, encompassing gender-neutral decision making, a person’s well-being, creating safe spaces, gender equality role in value chain, environmental impact, ethical considerations, awareness, and empowerment linked to leadership. The qualitative research findings were significant to shape a future plan. Based on the research results, ten thematic areas for companies was developed by the authors. Roadmap Thematic Areas for Companies: Breaking gender stereotypes for gender-neutral career, promoting social sustainability through training opportunities, implementing gender-neutral recruitment practices, adopting gender-neutral policies in all decision making processes, establishing an egalitarian environment within the value chain and permissions, addressing global deficiencies in training to eliminate gender prejudices and promoting access to health and medicines, maintaining work-life balance, supporting advancement of employees with trainings, considering benefits of society on environmental impacts and raising public awareness by ensuring ethics. Conclusion- The development of Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) relies heavily on social, economic, and environmental factors, particularly concerning leadership. This case study underscores the need for Turkish companies to prioritize gender equality and women's empowerment initiatives, as their efforts will contribute to broader sustainability endeavors within the country. By actively embracing the proposed roadmap's strategies, businesses can pave the way for a more inclusive and sustainable future for all individuals in Türkiye.Yayın Future in higher education: digital university(Işık Üniversitesi, 2023-06-13) Eşkinat, Ali; Teker, Suat; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Çağdaş İşletme Yönetimi Doktora ProgramıCurrently, higher education institutions are facing the necessity to adapt their educational delivery methods and operate in a globalized marketplace. Universities must reconsider how they provide access to their courses anywhere and at any time. Not only do they need to meet the increasing digital expectations of Generation Z students, but they also have to be prepared for the upcoming Generation Alpha. The concept of higher education and the evaluation of its main actors, universities, have been widely discussed since the Medieval age. The first-generation University 1.0 emerged as information transfer centers in the 11th Century. Following that, the second-generation University 2.0 appeared as information transfer and research centers in the 19th Century. The 1970s witnessed the emergence of the thirdgeneration University 3.0, which encompassed information transfer, research, and application (university-industry) centers. Subsequently, the fourth-generation University 4.0 flourished as a digitalized university, relying on technological and social innovations during the digital transformation era of the 2000s. The aim of this thesis is to provide a forward-looking perspective on the upcoming fifth-generation University 5.0, particularly its projected rise by the 2030s as a digital university targeting the global market and conducting education activities in a translocal and transtemporal manner worldwide. Through an extensive literature review, this prediction was confirmed, considering the growing impact of digital transformation, technological innovations, and the attitudes and expectations of the existing Generation Z university students and their successors, Generation Alpha. To further investigate this, a research survey was conducted with three different groups: university students, academics, and employers/managers, comprising a total of 346 participants. The survey questionnaire was designed based on four main pillars of questions, employing a composite approach to clarify the eight hypotheses of this study. The findings revealed a significant and linear relationship between the participants' importance assigned to digital education and their importance placed on digitalization. Additionally, a significant and linear relationship was observed between the importance given to digital education and the importance given to university education. Both students' preferences and university strategies currently exhibit a positive approach towards the hybrid education model. Furthermore, a similar attitude is projected for the future prevalence of virtual education models after the 2030s. As a result, this study anticipates that universities will increasingly offer hybrid model education based on market demand until 2030, with varying adoption rates across different disciplines such as medicine, engineering, social sciences, and others. Beyond 2030, traditional universities will continue to utilize blended learning, while digital higher education institutions of University 5.0 will experience inevitable growth.Yayın Improving employee coping capabilities amid pandemic-induced remote working conditions via the application of MBSR (Mindfulness-based stress reduction) training(Işık Üniversitesi, 2022-06-17) Yelkencioğlu, İhsan; Yüksel, Ahmet Hakan; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Çağdaş İşletme Yönetimi Doktora ProgramıRemote working has become an essential part of the work environment since the COVID-19 pandemic. The old habits of business life changed instantly. Accordingly, some challenges emerged for both organizations and employees in adapting to the new situation. These challenges have created stress among employees, affecting their personal lives and business lives. This study examines the perceived stress, well-being, self-awareness, self-efficacy, and resilience levels of remote-working employees in Turkey before and after the eight-week, online Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Program was implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic. For the implementation of the study, three groups of employees - all working remotely – were assembled. The first experimental group was 20 employees from an insurance company. The second experimental group was 14 employees from a beverage company. They all received the MBSR training, which was given by the author, for eight weeks. The third group was the control group of 33 employees from different sectors, and they did not receive any MBSR training. Before and after the MBSR program, a survey was conducted among both the control group and the experimental groups. In this current study, “The Perceived Stress Scale” was used to determine the stress level of the participants, “The WHO Well-being Scale” was used to determine the well-being level of the participants, “The Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale” was used to determine the self-awareness level of the participants, “The Brief Resilience Scale” was used to determine the resilience level of the participants, and “The General Self-efficacy Scale” was used to determine the self-efficacy level of the participants. The data collected from the surveys were evaluated through the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 program. The model employed by the research intends to indicate that there is a significant change in the perceived stress, self-awareness, self-efficacy, well-being, and resilience levels of those who received the MBSR training rather than in the levels of those who did not receive the MBSR training.Yayın Turkiye as a regional hub(PressAcademia, 2024-01-15) Dilek, Teker; Teker, Suat; Orman, IrmakPurpose- This study examines Türkiye's strategic importance and potential to serve as a pivotal regional hub for businesses. The study alsoinvestigates the various fields of businesses for being a potential hub. A review of common concerns that needs further developments are analysed. Methodology- The study utilizes an analytical literature survey and investigates the various business fields for becoming a regional hub. Findings- Turkiye is the 7th largest economy by GDP in Europe by IMF among 22 countries for the year 2022. Turkiye is ranked as the 1st in ease of setting and welcoming categories at Expat Explorer Index, and 7th in the world in the year 2019. More, Turkish international airports serve for 342 direct flights for 128 countries with Turkish Airlines and proximity to these markets with a total GDP of 46 trillion USD within 4 hours flight. Conclusion- Turkiye's unique geographical position bridges Europe and Asia providing a natural gateway between the East and the West. Proximity to major markets enhances its appeal as a strategic center for trade and commerce. Ongoing investments in infrastructure, including transportation networks and logistics facilities, are positioning Türkiye as a key hub for the efficient movement of goods and services. Modern ports, airports, and road networks facilitate seamless connectivity within the region. Türkiye's growing economy attracts foreign investments, fostering the development of financial services and encouraging multinational companies to establish reg ional headquarters.Yayın Gender equality and empowerment for companies: an exploratory case from Turkiye to achieve United Nation’s sustainability goal(PressAcademia, 2023-07-30) Dönmez, Sena; Tuncay Çelikel, AslıPurpose- The business world is currently placing great emphasis on sustainability, investing substantial resources to integrate it into their operations. United Nation’s Sustainability Goal 5 of “Achieving Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls” is a critically important subject to discuss both for academics and practioners regarding today’s sustainability related concerns and debates. This exploratory case study aims to understand the current situation of gender equality and women empowerment in business and propose a roadmap with thematic areas for companies via achievement of Goal 5. Methodology- We aim to understand the perspectives of the the professionals in Turkey; first preliminary interviews and then face-to-face interviews were applied in manufacturing and logistics industries in Istanbul. The preliminary interview was held with two managers and afterwards, five experts in the field of sustainability and working on SDG 5 were interviewed. A total of ten open-ended questions were posed to representatives from five companies in the manufacturing and logistics sectors during face-to-face interviews. Findings- The literature review on Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) revealed various themes related to gender equality and empowerment, including gender-neutral decision making, ensuring well-being of the individual, creating safe spaces, role of value chain for gender equality, environmental impact, ethical approach, awareness, and empowerment in correlation with empowerment and leadership. Based on the research findings, a roadmap with ten thematic areas was developed, including: 1. Breaking gender streotypes for genderneutral career, 2. Promoting social sustainability through training opportunities, 3. Implementing gender-neutral recruitment practices, 4. Adopting gender-neutral policies in all decision making processes, 5. Establishing an egalitarian environment within the value chain and permissions, 6. Addressing global deficiencies in training to eliminate gender prejudices and promoting access to health and medicines, 7. Maintaining work-life balance, 8. Supporting advancement of employees with trainings, 9. Considering benefits of society on environmental impacts and 10. Raising public awareness by ensuring ethics. Conclusion- Social, economic, and environmental factors play a very distinctive role in the development of SDG 5 target in leadership. Companies in Turkey are encouraged to prioritize gender equality and women empowerment programs, as their policies will contribute to broader efforts within the country. By actively working towards these goals, businesses can foster a more inclusive and sustainable future for all.Yayın Gender difference in financial behavior: a comparative analysis(PressAcademia, 2024-01-15) Teker, Dilek; Dönmez, SenaPurpose- Definition of financial inclusion; FI enables adults to access and efficaciously use a range of proper financial services. It plays a crucial role in raising economic growth in point of industry, firm and national level. Accessing to the products and services are achievable with financial inclusion. In the world, financial access is not reachable due to socio-economical reasons. Financial inclusion should involve the obstacles facing, reaching out access. This has an effect on decision makings and financial behaviors. However, gender disagregated statistics are not common in literature. All economies may reach economic growth, recognizing gender differences, and enhancing awareness among households. Aim of this study is to figure out the investing / borrowing behaviors of households. This study seeks “is there a gender difference in the level of financial behavior for Turkiye?”. Methodology- We employ a questionnaire to figure out if there exists a gender difference about various metrics in financial behavior. In the research method of this study, comparative analysis was made to reach out gender differences of respondents regarding financial behavior using excell with the help of coding. Google questionnaire prepared by authors was pre-tested and then authors maintaing to send the questionnaire via social media. 102 respondents were reached out. Firstly, it was made demographic analysis of respondents, a nd then it was analysed the financial behavior of respondents. Findings- Findings prove the fact that there is gender difference in behavior of making payments, savings, daily life, auto and home needs, making decisions, QR Code usage, awareness of Fintech products and number of credit cards. Majority of respondents feel confident about private pension system.. However, there is slightly difference in number of private pension contracts. In general, all respondents own a bank account. Money transfer, using a bank application behavior, does not differ among individuals. Conclusion- Based upon the analysis, it may be concluded that financial behavior affects individuals’ choices and this generates differences in terms of usage, needs, decisions and awareness. Socio-economical factor plays a crucial role regarding generating awareness in financial behavior.Yayın Human risk assessment of heavy metals present in four motor park soils in Lagos State, Nigeria(CRC Press, 2024-01-01) Akaiso, EmmanuelThe belief that heavies metal pollution is only gotten high intense industries is a common perception of people living in rural areas (Brown et al. 2003). In reality, nowadays, roadways and automobiles are considered to be one of the largest sources of heavy metals. Lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are the most common heavy metals produced from automobiles. Small or little amounts of other metals like nickel and cadmium are found to originate from carparks, bus stops, the roadside, and automobile exhaust (Brown et al. 2003).Yayın Export potential of Turkish SMEs(Suat Teker, 2024-07-30) Teker, Suat; Teker, Dilek; Orman, IrmakPurpose- Digital channels are gaining more and more share from trade and commerce, especially after Covid 19 pandemic. People have adopted to online buying and marketplaces became important retailing tools for manufacturers. E-commerce is rising not only in closed commercial areas but also across different countries, even continents with developments in cross-border e-commerce. Governments, global digital platforms, consumer habits are creating and supporting the demand of buying online from anywhere and numbers are showing that this creates an opportunity for Turkish businesses to become exporters. This study aims to highlight the potential for small and medium sized businesses in Turkey to become exporters. Methodology- The study examines historical export growth data of Turkey in detail using secondary data. The historical data is used to make a projection for future and highlight the potential of growth for Turkish SMEs. Current marketplace platforms’ business models are also examined and carefully analyzed to present an understanding of the potential business models. Findings- The numbers are showing that Turkish exports are growing in Europe and USA. Capex heavy industries have the highest share among the exports but e-commerce is also growing. Some industries like textile, jewellry and small appliences has a higher growth potential withing cross border e-commerce. Conclusion- Adoption to online retail is getting higher and higher. More people are buying from online marketplaces and the origin of the transaction is losing its importance with one-day deliveries. It is important to open shops not only physical but also on different platforms. It is easier for business owners to sell across the world and become exporters. By having international customers, businesses distribute regional risks and also become financially stronger. It is important for Turkish SMEs to understand their risks and seek international growth opportunities, such as doing exports. Turkey’s unique geographical location is a very important asset but Turkish businesses should keep in mind that all international producers are now seeking opportunities to create through online platforms.Yayın Impacts of cross-border e-commerce on growth of Turkish SMEs(Suat Teker, 2024-12-31) Orman, Irmak; Teker, SuatPurpose- Cross-border e-commerce has emerged as a critical enabler for the globalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores the transformative impact of digital marketplaces, innovative payment systems, and logistics advancements on the internationalization of Turkish SMEs. Leveraging a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative data analysis with qualitative insights from industry stakeholders. The findings highlight the significant role of platforms such as Amazon and Alibaba in reducing market entry barriers, the importance of secure digital payment systems in fostering trust, and the contribution of logistics innovations to the growth of small-package exports. By aligning with global consumer trends and leveraging digital tools, Turkish SMEs can overcome traditional trade barriers, enhance competitiveness, and access broader markets. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for policymakers and SMEs, emphasizing the need for regulatory support and investment in digital infrastructure to maximize the benefits of cross-border e-commerce. Methodology- The study was carried with a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative Analysis: Data from the Turkish Statistical Institute, Turkish Exporters Assembly (TİM), and global e-commerce platforms were analyzed to track export trends, marketplace performance, and consumer behavior. Qualitative Insights: Interviews with SME owners, e-commerce experts, and policymakers provided in-depth perspectives on challenges and opportunities. And as case studies, Successful Turkish SMEs from sectors like textiles and food were examined to identify strategies for internationalization. Findings- The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly accelerated e-commerce adoption in Turkey, leading to substantial growth in online spending and reshaping various sectors of the economy. Below are some of the main findings; platform Impact, global marketplaces significantly increase SME visibility and reduce market entry barriers; digital payment systems, enable secure, efficient transactions, fostering trust among international customers; small package exports, innovations in logistics, such as faster shipping, have fueled SME participation in global trade; post-Covid consumer behavior, the pandemic accelerated global e-commerce adoption, creating new opportunities for Turkish SMEs. Conclusion- Cross-border e-commerce represents a transformative opportunity for Turkish SMEs, enabling them to overcome traditional barriers and compete effectively in global markets. By leveraging digital platforms, payment innovations, and logistics advancements, SMEs can drive growth, internationalization, and competitiveness. Strategic support from policymakers will be crucial in maximizing the potential of this digital trade revolution.Yayın Innovation diffusion and technology acceptance theory(CRC Press, 2024-01-01) Akaiso, EmmanuelInnovation can be defined as the transformation of ideas, goals, visions, and dreams of invention into valuable goods and services for people to exchange for an amount of money. Something everyone on earth must experience is changing, and many people are too afraid to experience this. As a result, they never move ahead in life because they have allowed themselves to be captives of fear, allowing themselves to be unable to alter their circumstances. After the difficult experience of the past twenty-four months due to COVID-19, the eyes of everyone have been opened to how important change, adaptability, and flexibility are. Looking back, we can see that change is particularly important for everyone. That is exactly where innovation comes in (Stenberg 2016). To paraphrase Steve Jobs, innovation differentiates a leader from a follower.
