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Yayın The relationship between patents and economic growth: a panel VAR and causality analyses on OECD countries(Işık Üniversitesi, 2023-06-21) Özkan Yıldız, Öznur; Görkey, Selda; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Uygulamalı Ekonomi Yüksek Lisans ProgramıThe patent subject requires a comprehensive analysis both theoretically and empirically as it is related to many concepts. Patenting is important not only for the patent owner, but also for society and the country. Over the years, the causes of economic growth have been put forward in various ways in different growth models. Sustainable economic growth can be achieved by the creation of innovation by industries that carry out R&D activities and the continuous feeding of innovation with R&D, according to R&D-based endogenous growth models. The innovation process is depicted as a cumulative one in which new innovations build on past achievements. Empirical evidence demonstrates that patents, as a form of intellectual property rights contribute to economic growth. Especially in knowledge-based new economies, patents play a essential role in the decisions of countries and companies to invest in innovation. This study first theoretically reviews the economic effects of patent and patent system. For this purpose, it explains the impact of patents on economic growth, starting from their role as an innovation indicator and considering the main benefits of the patent system. The study then empirically investigates the relationship between patents and economic growth for a panel of OECD countries between 1990 and 2019. By employing panel vector autoregression (VAR) approach and panel-VAR Granger causality analysis, the research distinguishes patents into patent applications and grants. According to the findings of the Granger causality analysis, there is no two-way causality relationship between patents and economic growth, but there is a causality relationship from patents to economic growth. The findings from the empirical estimates confirm a significant contribution of patents to economic growth in OECD countries. The empirical results show that an improvement in patent grants play a decisive role rather than patent applications in enchancing gross domestic product.Yayın Renewable electricity consumption and economic growth: a cross-income panel ARDL analysis with implications for energy transition(İstanbul Okan Üniversitesi, 2025-06-02) Brown, Mustapha Abekah; Taşbaşı, AslıThe transition to renewable energy and the corresponding use of electricity generated from renewable sources is an inevitable solution that must be adopted to mitigate the effects of the climate crisis. The extant literature on the energy-economic growth nexus present mixed findings – some studies suggest the existence of a relationship while others find no significant relationship. Nevertheless, a growing number of recent studies provide evidence of an existing relationship. This study employs the panel ARDL techniques PMG, MG and DFE to investigate the short-run and long-run dynamics between renewable electricty consumption (RELC) and economic growth over the period 2000-2022 across 48 countries classified by income level. The results clearly indicate that the use of green electricity has a positive effect on economic growth across all income levels, albeit with varying magnitudes. Findings of the study provide particularly encouraging empirical evidence for a green transition in developing countries, underscoring the need for more attention to the unique challenges and opportunities faced by these economies.
