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Yayın Addressing delays in construction projects in Somalia : mitigation of contributing factors(Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2024-08-07) Hassan, Abdelrahman Ahmed; Akşar, Bora; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Yüksek Lisans Programı; Işık University, School of Graduate Studies, Master’s Program in Civil EngineeringDelays are a common issue in construction projects, characterized by the late completion of work compared to the planned or contract schedule. Identifying the causes of delays is crucial for minimizing them. This study aimed to identify the factors causing delays, the effects of delays, and the mitigation strategies for construction projects in Somalia. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey involving 50 respondents from Grade (A) contractor companies in Somalia. The survey identified 32 factors contributing to delays, 37 effects of delays, and 27 mitigation strategies. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software with descriptive statistical methods. The study found that delays in construction projects in Somalia were caused by consultant factors, material factors, client factors, equipment factors, labor factors, and contractor factors. The effects of these delays included cost overruns, legal disputes, time overruns, lost profit, and project abandonment. Most respondents agreed on several significant mitigation strategies: ensuring resource availability, having competent personnel, appointing a competent project manager, and making accurate initial cost and time estimates. The study concludes that the best way to mitigate delays is to proactively address these factors. Implementing strategies such as employing a competent Project manager and making accurate cost and time estimates can significantly reduce delays in construction projects.Yayın Design of a high-rise reinforced concrete building according to TBDY 2018(Işık Üniversitesi, 2023-04-05) Qaiqab, Obaidallah Ahmed Balghait Ali; Umut, Önder; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Yüksek Lisans Programı; Işık University, School of Graduate Studies, Master’s Program in Civil EngineeringDue to the demand for additional livable space and lodging options for the urban population, towering structures (high-rises) are becoming more and more necessary as the world's population grows every day. For generations, people have had the need to construct big buildings. Tall structures used to be extremely difficult to construct because of a lack of seismic knowledge and computer technology. However, modern advancements in computer technology, amenities like lifts, and engineers' familiarity with earthquake movements are the main factors in the success of tall skyscraper construction. Tall structures are a problem in both industrialized and developing nations today. Engineers now employ norms and guidelines created for normal buildings for tall skyscrapers. Engineers are limited in their ability to apply easy structural solutions for tall buildings since these laws are based on the structure's strength-based design and linear elastic analysis. Engineers may choose earthquake-resistant designs and conduct more complex analyses thanks to the emergence of non-linear behavior in structural systems. Due to a lack of understanding of the non-linear behavior of buildings and the adoption of laws based on the strength that is developed under seismic threat, engineers are forced to build low-rise and mid-rise structures. According to earthquake legislation from 2007 that is largely recognized until 2019, high-rise buildings are not distinguishable from other structures and are equated with them. The Turkish Building Earthquake Regulation is published in 2019, and it analyzed high-rise buildings separately from other types of construction. High-rise structures are divided into three separate level classes under the Turkish Building Earthquake Regulation, and it has been determined to check them in accordance with that content when it comes to design issues. There are five chapters in the research. The introduction is in the first chapter, while information on earthquake-resistant design is in the second. The third chapter is mostly made up of the variables that will be used in this thesis, such the projected computation and design of high-rise structures in the Turkish Building Earthquake Regulation in 2019. The fourth chapter compares the outcomes of linear calculations with the Turkish Building Earthquake Regulation from 2007 and looks at the performance analysis and design of buildings up to 94 meters tall and 30 floors in compliance with the Turkish Building Earthquake Regulation in 2019. A list of resources and annexures follows the fifth chapter's conclusion part.Yayın Enhancing simulation accuracy in building energy modeling through data-driven approaches(Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2025-06-26) Merchad, Hadi; Umut, Önder; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Yüksek Lisans Programı; Işık University, School of Graduate Studies, Master’s Program in Civil EngineeringThis thesis investigated the contribution of occupant behavior towards residential building energy consumption by comparing deterministic and probabilistic schedule models. 170 in-depth survey responses were obtained across Türkiye in an effort to record daily residential activities every 15 minutes. These were augmented into 1000 high-resolution daily occupant schedules with the incorporation of variation in behavior into energy simulations. Two residential building models, a high-rise and a low-rise configuration were simulated using Energy Plus with fixed (deterministic) and variable (probabilistic) schedule methods. Importantly, the occupant schedules used in both models were identical; the only difference between the two scenarios was the building form, allowing analysis of geometry-driven energy variations. The methodology used consisted of realistic probabilistic Schedule creation using MATLAB and Python, automated interfacing with EnergyPlus as CSV inputs, and simulation of 50 randomized runs per scenario. The deterministic models built on standard daily routines from the literature and duplicated over all days of the year. The outputs of the simulations were evaluated in five categories of energy consumption: lighting, HVAC, other electrical uses, total electricity, and total utility consumption. The outcomes revealed that probabilistic values tend to occur around the average of probabilistic distributions but could not capture extreme behaviors that play a significant role in system sizing and peak load. Probabilistic models had wider variability in plug loads and electricity consumption but less varied HVAC loads that still remained influenced by changing patterns of occupant presence. The results highlighted the necessity for real occupant behavior to be included within building performance simulation for better energy demand representation. Total average energy usage for probabilistic simulation ranged between 63.9–79.5 kWh/m² for the two scenarios, compared to 74.2 and 71.4 kWh/m² under deterministic values. Variability was seen to be restricted for loads under HVAC, but varied considerably for other plug loads and lighting based on different behavior patterns. These observations reinforce the fact that internal variation is hidden under deterministic modeling, and that probabilistic simulation gives better insight into actual occupant impact on energy usage. The research brought a culturally informed, fact-based modeling approach applicable in Turkish residential buildings and confirmed that probabilistic simulation methods offer a stronger and more realistic platform for analyzing the energy supply and demand, evaluation of policies, and optimization of sustainable designs.Yayın Flood analysis in the Çoruh River basin(Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2025-06-27) Kalyoncu, Süreyya; Önöz, Bihrat; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Yüksek Lisans Programı; Işık University, School of Graduate Studies, Master’s Program in Civil EngineeringTaşkın analizi, sürdürülebilir su kaynakları yönetimi ve afet riskinin azaltılmasında kritik bir rol oynar. Taşkınların sıklığını, büyüklüğünü ve zamanlamasını anlamak, insan hayatını korumak, ekonomik kayıpları en aza indirmek ve dayanıklı yerleşimler planlamak için esastır. Çoruh Nehri Havzası gibi karmaşık hidrolojik davranışa sahip bölgelerde, taşkın analizi taşkın kontrol yapıları tasarlamak, erken uyarı sistemleri geliştirmek ve güvenli imar uygulamaları belirlemek için bilimsel bir temel sağlar. Dahası, istatistiksel modelleme yoluyla tasarım taşkınları doğru bir şekilde tahmin etmek, özellikle hidrometeorolojik olayların değişkenliğini ve uç noktalarını yoğunlaştıran iklim değişikliği bağlamında bilinçli kararlar alınmasına yardımcı olur. Bu nedenle, kapsamlı taşkın analizi yalnızca yerel ve bölgesel su yönetimi stratejilerini desteklemekle kalmaz, aynı zamanda uzun vadeli iklim adaptasyon planlamasına da katkıda bulunur. Çoruh Nehri’nde Taşkın Analizi adlı tez çalışmasında, Türkiye’nin kuzeydoğusunda konumlanan Çoruh Nehri üzerinde çalışılmış, istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak taşkın analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma hazırlanırken DSİ’nin sağladığı istasyon verilerinden yararlanılmış; analizin güvenilir olabilmesi için 10 yıldan fazla gözlem süresine sahip ve inşa edilen barajlardan etkilenmemiş 23 farklı istasyon seçilmiş olup, analiz bu istasyonların maksimum akış verileri kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. 23 istasyonun her biri için istatistiksel momentler, L momentler hesaplanmış; Gumbel, Ekstrem Değer Dağılımı, Normal Dağılım, Log-Normal Dağılım, 3 parametreli Log Normal Dağılımı ve 3 parametreli Log Pearson dağılımları ilgili verilere uyarlanmış ve dağılımların uygunlukları KolmogorovSmirnov ve Ki kare testi gibi farklı istatistiksel testler kullanılarak kontrol edilmiştir. Ayrıca uyarlanan her bir dağılım için 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 ve 500 yıllık geri dönüş periyotları için taşkın debileri tahmin edilip, grafikler ile görselleştirilmiştir. İstasyonlarda meydana gelen taşkınların bir trende sahip olup olmadıkları Mann Kendall testi ile araştırılmış, istasyonların çarpıklıklarına bakılarak ve Wiltshire metodu kullanılarak Çoruh Nehri homojen bölgelere ayrılmış ve istasyonlarda gerçekleşen taşkın verilerinin mevsimsellikleri de açısal mevsimsellik analizi kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir.Yayın A case study of investigation of the lateral earth pressure under group effects of jet grout columns(Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2025-09-16) Durmaz, Eren; Etminan, Ehsan; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Yüksek Lisans Programı; Işık University, School of Graduate Studies, Master’s Program in Civil EngineeringThis thesis offers a detailed numerical case study on the impact of group effects from jet grout columns on lateral earth pressure behavior. Jet grouting, a sophisticated ground improvement technology, is extensively utilized to augment the strength and stability of poor soils. In seismically active nations like Türkiye, mitigating lateral earth stresses on retaining structures is essential for preserving structural integrity. A series of finite element calculations were performed in PLAXIS 2D to assess the lateral earth pressure distribution in a cohesive soil mass enhanced by clustered jet grout columns. To examine group effects, column spacing and layout were modified, while column length remained unchanged. The soil model was constructed using site-specific geotechnical data and simulated with suitable constitutive models to depict soft clay behavior. The results demonstrate that diminishing column spacing markedly reduces the lateral earth pressures exerted on the diaphragm wall and enhances positive group interactions among the jet grout columns. Furthermore, an optimal column arrangement improves slope stability and diminishes structural requirements on the diaphragm wall. The study highlights the necessity of considering group interactions in the design of jet grout column systems, especially in seismically active areas, and provides practical guidance for geotechnical engineers involved in urban excavations and retaining structures subjected to seismic conditions.Yayın Comparative analysis of soil-structure interaction (SSI) according to Turkish and Moroccan seismic standards(Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2025-06-30) Boulahiat, Zineb; Etminan, Ehsan; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Yüksek Lisans Programı; Işık University, School of Graduate Studies, Master’s Program in Civil EngineeringThis thesis examines the soil-structure interaction (SSI) in structures built in accordance to seismic standards codes in both counties Turkey (TBDY 2018) and Morocco (RPS 2000). The study focuses on understanding how variations in geotechnical and seismic standards impact SSI behaviors across both countries. With the purpose of analyzing the development of SSI considerations in both nations and determining the similarities and differences between TBDY2018 and RPS2000. This study conducts a comprehensive review of the literature to investigate the regional soil parameters and seismic factors that influence SSI in each nation. The findings are carried out by using finite element PLAXIS software to model SSI impacts, with a focus on how soil behavior differs between Turkey's complex, layered profiles and Morocco's generally uniform soils. The study's main focus is on analyzing soil classifications, seismic response modifications, and foundation interactions that differ according to local standards. The findings show that Turkish and Moroccan standards produce distinct settlement and load-transfer behaviors as a result of differences in soil qualities, seismic loads, and regulatory requirements. These findings highlight the necessity of customized and specialized foundation solutions that match regional circumstances in order to improve long-term structural integrity and reduce maintenance expenses for buildings.
