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Yayın Electroencephalography signatures associated with developmental dyslexia identified using principal component analysis(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-08-27) Eroğlu, Günet; Harb, Mhd Raja AbouBackground/Objectives: Developmental dyslexia is characterised by neuropsychological processing deficits and marked hemispheric functional asymmetries. To uncover latent neurophysiological features linked to reading impairment, we applied dimensionality reduction and clustering techniques to high-density electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. We further examined the functional relevance of these features to reading performance under standardised test conditions. Methods: EEG data were collected from 200 children (100 with dyslexia and 100 age- and IQ-matched typically developing controls). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to high-dimensional EEG spectral power datasets to extract latent neurophysiological components. Twelve principal components, collectively accounting for 84.2% of the variance, were retained. K-means clustering was performed on the PCA-derived components to classify participants. Group differences in spectral power were evaluated, and correlations between principal component scores and reading fluency, measured by the TILLS Reading Fluency Subtest, were computed. Results: K-means clustering trained on PCA-derived features achieved a classification accuracy of 89.5% (silhouette coefficient = 0.67). Dyslexic participants exhibited significantly higher right parietal–occipital alpha (P8) power compared to controls (mean = 3.77 ± 0.61 vs. 2.74 ± 0.56; p < 0.001). Within the dyslexic group, PC1 scores were strongly negatively correlated with reading fluency (r = −0.61, p < 0.001), underscoring the functional relevance of EEG-derived components to behavioural reading performance. Conclusions: PCA-derived EEG patterns can distinguish between dyslexic and typically developing children with high accuracy, revealing spectral power differences consistent with atypical hemispheric specialisation. These results suggest that EEG-derived neurophysiological features hold promise for early dyslexia screening. However, before EEG can be firmly established as a reliable molecular biomarker, further multimodal research integrating EEG with immunological, neurochemical, and genetic measures is warranted.Yayın ANN activation function estimators for homomorphic encrypted inference(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025-06-13) Harb, Mhd Raja Abou; Çeliktaş, BarışHomomorphic Encryption (HE) enables secure computations on encrypted data, facilitating machine learning inference in sensitive environments such as healthcare and finance. However, efficiently handling non-linear activation functions, specifically Sigmoid and Tanh, remains a significant computational challenge for encrypted inference using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). This study introduces a lightweight, ANN-based estimator designed to accurately approximate activation functions under homomorphic encryption. Unlike traditional polynomial and piecewise linear approximations, the proposed ANN estimators achieve superior accuracy with lower computational overhead associated with bootstrapping or high-degree polynomial techniques. These estimators are trained on plaintext data and seamlessly integrated into encrypted inference pipelines, significantly outperforming conventional methods. Experimental evaluations demonstrate notable improvements, with ANN estimators enhancing accuracy by approximately 2% for Sigmoid and up to 73% for Tanh functions, improving F1-scores by approximately 2% for Sigmoid and up to 88% for Tanh, and markedly reducing Mean Square Error (MSE) by up to 96% compared to polynomial approximations. The ANN estimator achieves an accuracy of 97.70% and an AUC of 0.9997 when integrated into a CNN architecture on the MNIST dataset, and an accuracy of 85.25% with an AUC of 0.9459 on the UCI Heart Disease dataset during ciphertext inference. These results underscore the estimator’s practical effectiveness and computational feasibility, making it suitable for secure and efficient ANN inference in encrypted environments.Yayın Intelligent health monitoring in 6G networks: machine learning-enhanced VLC-based medical body sensor networks(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-05-23) Antaki, Bilal; Dalloul, Ahmed Hany; Miramirkhani, FarshadRecent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven wireless communication are driving the adoption of Sixth Generation (6G) technologies in crucial environments such as hospitals. Visible Light Communication (VLC) leverages existing lighting infrastructure to deliver high data rates while mitigating electromagnetic interference (EMI); however, patient movement induces fluctuating signal strength and dynamic channel conditions. In this paper, we present a novel integration of site-specific ray tracing and machine learning (ML) for VLC-enabled Medical Body Sensor Networks (MBSNs) channel modeling in distinct hospital settings. First, we introduce a Q-learning-based adaptive modulation scheme that meets target symbol error rates (SERs) in real time without prior environmental information. Second, we develop a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based estimator for path loss and Root Mean Square (RMS) delay spread under dynamic hospital conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first study combining ray-traced channel impulse response modeling (CIR) with ML techniques in hospital scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate that the Q-learning method consistently achieves SERs with a spectral efficiency (SE) lower than optimal near the threshold. Furthermore, LSTM estimation shows that D1 has the highest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for path loss (1.6797 dB) and RMS delay spread (1.0567 ns) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) ward, whereas D3 exhibits the highest RMSE for path loss (1.0652 dB) and RMS delay spread (0.7657 ns) in the Family-Type Patient Rooms (FTPRs) scenario, demonstrating high estimation accuracy under realistic conditions.Yayın Assessing ChatGPT's accuracy in dyslexia inquiry(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Eroğlu, Günet; Harb, Mhd Raja AbouDyslexia poses challenges in accessing reliable information, crucial for affected individuals and their families. Leveraging chatbot technology offers promise in this regard. This study evaluates the OpenAI Assistant's precision in addressing dyslexia-related inquiries. Three hundred questions commonly posed by parents were categorized and presented to the Assistant. Expert evaluation of responses, graded on accuracy and completeness, yielded consistently high scores (median=5). Descriptive questions scored higher (average=4.9568) than yes/no questions (average=4.8957), indicating potential response challenges. Statistical analysis highlighted the significance of question specificity in response quality. Despite occasional difficulties, the Assistant demonstrated adaptability and reliability in providing accurate dyslexia-related information.Yayın “Can we use a biomarker detection algorithm to measure the effectiveness of 14-channel neurofeedback in dyslexia?”(Routledge, 2025-10-01) Eroğlu, Günet; Harb, Raja AbouDyslexia, one of children’s most common neurological diversities, primarily manifests as a reduced reading ability. Genetic factors contribute to dyslexia, with contemporary theories attributing it to a delay in left hemispheric lateralization that reduces effective reading and writing skills. To assist dyslexic children, smartphone application, Auto Train Brain, has been developed to enhance reading comprehension and speed. Previously, the efficacy of the mobile application’s training program was assessed using psychometric tests; however, our study employed a biomarker detection software to evaluate the neurofeedback’s impact. Machine learning (ML) techniques have recently gained traction in differentiating between dyslexia and typically developing children (TDC). The dataset of this study consists of 100 sessions of 2-minute resting-state eyes-open 14-channel Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG) data from 100 children with dyslexia and 100 TDC. Therefore, the dyslexia biomarker detection software assessed the efficacy of the 14-channel neurofeedback administered via Auto Train Brain. Results showed significant improvement in electrophysiological normalization, increasing from 30% in the first 20 sessions to 61% by the end of the training. A two-proportion Z-test confirmed this improvement was statistically significant (Z = −3.96, p = 0.00007), particularly between the 1–20 and 1–60 session intervals (Z = −2.66, p = 0.0079).Yayın Electrophysiological signatures of developmental dyslexia: towards EEG-based biomarker identification and neurogenetic correlates(MDPI, 2025-06-30) Eroğlu, Günet; Harb, Mhd Raja AbouDyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by altered hemispheric specialization and disrupted phonological processing. In this study, we applied Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to high-dimensional electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from 200 children (100 dyslexic, 100 controls) to extract latent neurophysiological features associated with reading impairment. Our findings revealed significant right-hemisphere dominance in dyslexic individuals, particularly in the P8 electrode within the alpha band, consistent with compensatory neural strategies. Despite the absence of clinical comorbidities or medication use, distinct clustering emerged, supporting the utility of PCA for early screening. Future directions include correlating EEG-derived features with known dyslexia-related gene expression profiles (e.g., DCDC2, KIAA0319), neurotransmitter imbalances, and neuroinflammatory markers. These integrative analyses may establish EEG signals as reliable, non-invasive biomarkers for molecular-level screening in developmental learning disorders.Yayın Geopolitical parallax: beyond Walter Lippmann just after large language models(Cornell Univ, 2025-08-27) Yavuz, Mehmet Can; Kabir, Humza Gohar; Özkan, AylinObjectivity in journalism has long been contested, oscillating between ideals of neutral, fact-based reporting and the inevitability of subjective framing. With the advent of large language models (LLMs), these tensions are now mediated by algorithmic systems whose training data and design choices may themselves embed cultural or ideological biases. This study investigates geopolitical parallax—systematic divergence in news quality and subjectivity assessments—by comparing articlelevel embeddings from Chinese-origin (Qwen, BGE, Jina) and Western-origin (Snowflake, Granite) model families. We evaluate both on a human-annotated news quality benchmark spanning fifteen stylistic, informational, and affective dimensions, and on parallel corpora covering politically sensitive topics, including Palestine and reciprocal China–United States coverage. Using logistic regression probes and matched-topic evaluation, we quantify per-metric differences in predicted positive-class probabilities between model families. Our findings reveal consistent, nonrandom divergences aligned with model origin. In Palestinerelated coverage, Western models assign higher subjectivity and positive emotion scores, while Chinese models emphasize novelty and descriptiveness. Cross-topic analysis shows asymmetries in structural quality metrics—Chinese-on-US scoring notably lower in fluency, conciseness, technicality, and overall quality—contrasted by higher negative emotion scores. These patterns align with media bias theory and our distinction between semantic, emotional, and relational subjectivity, and extend LLM bias literature by showing that geopolitical framing effects persist in downstream quality assessment tasks. We conclude that LLMbased media evaluation pipelines require cultural calibration to avoid conflating content differences with model-induced bias.Yayın Mahremiyeti koruyan, merkezi, hibrit film öneri sistemi: araçlar arası internet için bir yaklaşım(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025-08-15) Şimşek, Musa; Tüysüz Erman, AyşegülBu çalışmada, kullanıcı verilerinin gizliliğini korurken öneri doğrulu günü artırmayı hedefleyen, diferansiyel mahremiyet destekli hibrit bir öneri modeli sunulmuştur. Model mimarisi, Matris Çarpanlaması (MF), Çok Katmanlı Algılayıcı (MLP) ve Uzun Kısa Süreli Bellek (LSTM) ağlarını birleştirmektedir. Laplace mekanizmasına dayalı gürültü enjeksiyonu ile eğitim sürecinde diferansiyel mahremiyet sağlanmış ve ayrıca hiperparametre optimizasyonu uygulanmıştır. Model, kullanıcı film etkileşimlerini içeren MovieLens 100K veri kümesi üzerinde değerlendirilmiştir. Performans değerlendirmesi MSE, MAE ve NDCG metrikleriyle yapılmış; hiperparametre optimizasyonu ile MSE bazında yaklaşık %4 iyileşme sağlandığı, yüksek gizlilik düzeyinde ise doğrulukta yaklaşık %39 oranında bozulma yaşandığı gözlemlenmiştir.Yayın Çok ölçekli görsel benzerlik analizi ile oltalama saldırısı tespiti(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025-08-15) Kılıç, Bartu; Çeliktaş, BarışOltalama saldırıları teknolojinin gelişmesiyle günümüzün en yaygın siber güvenlik tehditlerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, web sitelerinin ekran görüntülerini gelişmiş bir görsel benzerlik analizi yöntemiyle inceleyerek oltalama saldırılarını yüksek doğrulukla tespit eden bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Oltalama tespiti için önerilen yöntemde, algısal özütleme tabanlı çoklu çözünürlük analizi, akıllı ilgi bölgesi (ROI) tespiti ve çoklu metrik füzyonu gibi teknikler birleştirilerek yüksek doğrulukta tespit yapılabilmektedir. Veri seti, popüler bankacılık, e-posta ve sosyal medya platformlarının gerçek ve oltalama sayfalarından oluşan 23 gerçek ve 3 oltalama sayfası ekran görüntülerinden derlenmiştir. Yapılan testler, yöntemin %85 doğruluk oranı ile tekil metrik tabanlı yaklaşımlardan daha iyi performans gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Dil bağımsız çalışan bu yöntem, URL ve HTML manipülasyonlarına karşı dayanıklıdır ve gerçek zamanlı oltalama tespiti için güçlü bir çözüm sunmaktadır.Yayın Comparing pre-trained and fine-tuned transformer-based models for sentiment analysis in Turkish comments in student surveys(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025-08-15) Pourjalil, Kajal; Ekin, Emine; Recal, FüsunStudent surveys are essential for evaluating teaching quality and course content, but analyzing open-ended responses is challenging due to their unstructured and multilingual nature. This study applies sentiment analysis to Turkish educational survey responses using three transformer-based models: SAVASY, DBMDZ BERT Base Turkish Cased, and XLM-RoBERTa Base. A labeled dataset of real-world student comments was used, with sentiment labels assigned using the Gemini AI tool to facilitate model fine-tuning. Evaluation metrics included accuracy, F1-score, precision, recall, and confidence scores. Results show that fine-tuning improves sentiment classification, effectively identifying positive, negative, and neutral sentiments. This highlights the value of transformer models in analyzing Turkish student feedback.
