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Yayın Placing STS in and through Turkey(Soc Social Studies Science, 2023-03-02) Alkan, Aybike; Kaşdoğan, Duygu; Maral, ErolWhy and how does it matter to undertake an STS praxis in a country where the field lacks adequate institutional recognition and capacity? This article investigates this question by tracing multiple, fragmented and contingent stories of placing STS in and through Turkey. At first sight, discontinuous stories of STS programs established in universities and unrecognized nature of STS as a discipline by the Council of Higher Education draw attention to the "underdeveloped" nature of the field in this country. This article counters such a perspective by rendering visible the works that support STS ethos as well as loose institutions within which STS is expected to flourish. By following people and artifacts in institutional and more-than institutional places of STS, this article acknowledges the efforts both to translate STS into the particular places of Turkey and to use STS as an intellectual space through which technoscientific knowledge can be questioned and translated into the local contexts of the country. The analysis of these translation efforts reveals that STS can be thought of as a space that enables one to be attuned to the sensibilities and realities of the country and search for ways to democratize the processes of technoscientific knowledge production whether it be in the universities or in public spaces.Yayın Just a progressive step: women’s empowerment in Turkish microcredit practices(Universidad de Granada, 2019-12-15) Soykut Sarıca, Yeşim Pınar; Çağlı Kaynak, Elif; Bal, EsraIn developing countries, the economic potential of women has long been under-utilized as a means of lifting households and communities out of poverty. In this respect, microcredit schemes offer an innovative form of social welfare, widely accessible to women. This study examines one such program from the Turkish context: the Maya Enterprise for Micro Finance, a conditional credit opportunity for women to start and/or develop their own businesses, granted by the Foundation for the Support of Women's Work (KEDV). Our study aimed to explore the impact of KEDV's credit transfer scheme on the lives of users, especially in terms of the psychological and economic empowerment of women. Deploying a mixed methods research strategy, we administered and analyzed quantitative surveys (n=336) in order to determine the perceptions, thoughts, insights and reactions of KEDV program users, also conducting qualitative interviews with 21 participants. Our findings indicate that the program was influential in empowering women by increasing their self-confidence and changing their relationship with other people in the household.Yayın Turkey's radical right and the Kurdish issue: The MHP's reaction to the "Democratic Opening"(2010-09) Celep, ÖdülTurkey's current government's 'democratic opening' project has led to a series of political discussions regarding the cause and resolve of the Kurdish issue. One major consequence of this debate has been the polarization of opinion between conservatives, represented by the ruling Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi, AKP) and nationalists, represented by the Nationalist Action Party (Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, MHP). This study elaborates on the major reasons for MHP's opposition to AKP on the 'democratic opening.' In doing so, the study examines the historical, ideological distinctions between the two parties and their perception of ethnic and linguistic differences in Turkish society. AKP comes from a political tradition that has been relatively more accommodating towards such differences. On the contrary, MHP has roots in an ethno-nationalist and mono-culturalist ideology, which can be observed in its denial of the identity component of the Kurdish issue.Yayın Measurement of perceived psychological safety: integration, review and evidences for the scale in the context of Turkiye(İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınevi, 2022-06-22) Bülbül, Seçil; İşiaçık, Serin; Aytaç, SerpilPsychological safety can predict many positive individual and organizational outcomes at work, and previous research addressed how psychological safety contributes to positive work attitudes and behaviors. In Turkey, there is quite an amount of research showing the contributing role of psychological safety perception on employees' positive performance behaviors and organizational effectiveness and innovativeness. However, previous research in Turkey does not adequately show the reliability and validity of the psychological safety scale, which was developed by Edmondson (1999). Based on the suggested requirement this study aimed to investigate the psychological safety perceptions of individuals who work in various sectors in Turkey. The adapted version of the psychological safety scale was used to gain evidence for the reliability and validity of the instrument in Turkey. In total, 585 individuals working in various industries and from various occupational groups participated in the research. Both exploratory factor analysis and the confirmatory factor analysis showed that Turkish adapted version of the psychological safety scale was valid and reliable.Yayın The Davutoglu era in Turkish foreign policy(Seta Foundation, 2009) Aras, BülentAhmet Davutoglu was appointed Turkish foreign minister on May 1, 2009. Chief advisor to the Turkish prime minister since 2002, Davutoglu is known as the intellectual architect of Turkish foreign policy under the AK Party. He articulated a novel foreign policy vision and succeeded, to a considerable extent, in changing the rhetoric and practice of Turkish foreign policy. Turkey's new dynamic and multidimensional foreign policy line is visible on the ground, most notably to date in the country's numerous and signifcant eforts to address chronic problems in neighboring regions. Davutoglu's duty will now shif from the intellectual design of policies to greater actual involvement in foreign policy as he undertakes his new responsibilities as minister of foreign afairs. Te Davutoglu era in Turkish foreign policy will deepen Turkey's involvement in regional politics, international organizations, and world politics.Yayın When do workers support executive aggrandizement? Lessons from the recent Turkish experience(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-03) Apaydın, Fulya; Öngel, Ferit Serkan; Schmid, Jonas W.; Ülker, ErolFollowing the 2017 constitutional referendum under the Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi (Justice and Development Party-AKP) rule in Turkey, the reforms granted judicial and legislative powers to the head of the executive under a presidential system. Initial observations reveal that some blue-collar workers who are members of a historically progressive union have also supported these reforms. This is surprising because the union leadership has publicly opposed these changes. What explains this discrepancy? Why did some of these workers support reforms in favour of a powerful executive? Based on a sample from a major metalworking union, this paper finds that partisan identity moderates support for AKP's push for challenging the separation of powers. Although we find that higher amount of debt may reduce worker support for stronger executive, this is conditional on the metal workers' pre-existing partisan commitments. Under these circumstances, highly indebted partisan workers do not diverge from the party line. These results also raise further questions for students of labour and regime change elsewhere in the developing world.Yayın Turkey’s struggle with the PKK and civilian control over the Turkish Armed Forces(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016-05-03) Kayhan Pusane, ÖzlemAlthough most scholars of Turkey’s civil-military relations argue that the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) insurgency has led to a decrease in civilian control over the Turkish military from the 1980s onwards, this has not always been the case. This article argues that the presence or the degree of the PKK threat is not sufficient to explain the civil-military balance of power in Turkey throughout the 1980s and the 1990s. Instead, the article shows that in the face of the PKK threat, three major factors have influenced the behaviours of both civilian and military policy-makers in Turkey and shaped the level of civilian control. These factors are first, the Turkish political leaders’ control over their political parties and these parties’ control of a majority of seats in the parliament; second, how negatively or positively the military perceives the political leadership; and third, European Union pressures for democratisation.Yayın The conduct of citizenship in the case of Turkey's Jewish minority: legal status, identity, and civic virtue aspects(2006) Toktaş, ŞuleContemporary liberal democracies confront governance problems elicited by the discord between the principles of equality and difference, and between the concepts of majority and minority. Citizenship came to be recognized as a vital governance tool in response to this challenge evidenced by growing academic and political interest in the concept. The basic precept that citizenship refers to is a constitutionality-based relationship between the individual and the state, implying a unique, reciprocal, and unmediated bond between the individual and the political community. It is argued that citizenship has three main aspects. First is the legal status aspect, which enfolds citizenship in terms of civil, political, and social rights, plus duties such as obeying laws, paying taxes, and performing military service. The second aspect is the identity dimension of citizenship, which regards individuals' membership in different social and political groups in multiple categories of race, class, ethnicity, religion, gender, profession, and sexuality. The third aspect is related to citizens' capacities, responsibilities, and willingness to cooperate, in short the civic virtue that the citizens possess and perform. The sense of identity that citizens have; their maneuvers to deal with competing identities; their willingness to participate in collective decisions and access to political processes; their sense of belonging to the social, political, and economic order; and their initiative potency all refer to different features of civic virtue. All in all, modern citizenship is perceived as the combination of legal status, social roles, and moral attributes that necessitate "good citizenry." It has been suggested that these three aspects of citizenship—legal status, identity, and civic virtue—are interrelated; as the sensitivity to identities increases, demands for legal rights increase correspondingly. It is also claimed that identity affects the way people perform their duty of civic participation and their conception of responsibility. From another point of view, it is also argued that the three components of citizenship conflict with one another under certain circumstances. For instance, claims for cultural recognition of minorities may conflict with equal citizenship status. An empirical investigation of citizenship is complementary to understanding the interaction between these three aspects. This study undertakes the crucial task of providing evidence from the field to illuminate the complex correlations and divergences within citizenship and the relational bond between the legal status, identity, and civic virtue aspects. In this article, the results of qualitative research on a particular group of citizens—Turkish citizens with Jewish background—are discussed in the light of the parameters set above. The study provides empirical evidence to illuminate the dynamics at stake in the relationship between the legal status, identity, and civic virtue aspects in the specificity of Turkey's Jews and the conduct of Turkish citizenship. With the use of in-depth interviews conducted with the sample group of Jews, the study attempts to understand how being a non-Muslim minority group living in a Muslim-predominant society influences the perceptions and experiences regarding citizenship. The discussion developed in the article is presented in three parts. In the first part, an overview of Turkish citizenship and the status of non-Muslim minorities per se is put forth. This part also sets forth the essentials of Turkish citizenship with its legal status, identity, and civic virtue aspects. In addition, the paradoxical consequences of the dominant paradigms inherent in citizenship in Turkey regarding non-Muslim minorities are demonstrated. The second part focuses on the field research conducted with the Jewish community in Turkey. After a brief summary of methodology and a portrayal of the general characteristics of the sample group, it discusses how members of Turkey's Jewish community experience and perceive Turkish citizenship through its aspects of legal status, identity, and civic virtue. The respondents' perceptions and experiences regarding being Turkish citizens and a non-Muslim minority are also covered. The third part offers a discussion on Turkish citizenship in the light of the research results and gives a citizen-centric account through the lenses of respondents.Yayın Countering insurgency: Turkey's policy toward the PKK's transnational dynamics in Europe(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018-01-02) Kayhan Pusane, Özlem; Ilgıt, AslıInsurgents often develop international connections and benefit from external assistance from a variety of sources. Support from diaspora communities has long been considered one of the critical external factors in the persistence of insurgent groups. Yet how the counterinsurgent state addresses external support from transnational ethnic communities and what factors influence the state's policies remain understudied. By focusing on the transnational political practices of the Kurdish community and the PKK in Western Europe, this paper examines how Turkey has addressed the diasporic support for the PKK since the 1980s. It shows that three major factors - the composition of foreign policy decision-makers, their ideological contestation over the Kurdish question, and the European political context - have affected Turkey's policy regarding the PKK's transnational dynamics in Europe.Yayın Yeşilırmak taraçalarında (Orta Kuzey Anadolu) geç pleyistosen iklim değişiklikleri ve düşey yönlü deformasyona akarsu cevabının araştırılması(TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası, 2017) Erturaç, Mehmet Korhan; Güneç Kıyak, NafiyeFosilleşmiş taşkın ovası çökelleri olarak da tanımlanan akarsu taraça basamaklanması, akarsuların gelişim süreci üzerindeki iklim, kaide seviyesi ve genç tektonik etkinin analitik olarak belirlenmesi için önemli kayıtlar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın odağında bulunan Yeşilırmak Nehri’nin Çekerek Irmağı ile birleştiği Geldingen Ovası’nın (Amasya) güney kesiminde, her iki akarsuyun kenarlarında bulunan depolanmalı taraça sistemi çalışılmıştır. Bu taraça sistemi, güncel nehir taşkın ovasından +70 metre üst kotlara kadar ulaşan üç basamaktan oluşmaktadır. Bu basamakların gelişim süreci, farklı seviyelerinden elde edilen toplam 12 adet örneğin lüminesans yöntemi kullanılarak tarihlendirilmesi ile araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, taraça seviyelerinin Son Buzul Çağı içerisinde güncel taşkın ovasından T3 (+70), T2 (+35) ve T1(+15) metre göreceli konumlarda, sırasıyla MIS5a, MIS3 ve LGM sonu dönemleri içerisinde depolandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Elde edilen depolanmalı/aşınmalı dönemlerin, Türkiye ve yakın çevresinde gerçekleştirilen iklim değişikliği kayıtları ve Karadeniz seviye değişimleri ile karşılaştırılması, inceleme alanında taraça oluşumunun, son buzul dönemi içerisinde Doğu Akdeniz için tanımlanan yağışlı/kurak dönemlerle uyumlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Her üç taraçanın terkedilme zamanı ve konumu oranlandığında, Kuzey Anadolu Fayı Zonu’nun içbükey sıkışmalı bir büklüm yaptığı orta kesiminde ortalama 0.94±0.26 mm/yıl yükselme hızı hesaplanmaktadır.
