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Yayın Attentional bias and training in social anxiety disorder(Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society, 2015-03) Fıstıkçı, Nurhan; Saatçioğlu, İbrahim Ömer; Keyvan, Ali; Topçuoǧlu, VolkanCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective treatment modalities for social anxiety disorder (SAD), showing a high level of clinical evidence supporting its effectiveness. On the other hand, lack of the desired benefit from this treatment in some patients causes continuation of the search for new techniques. Recent research studies have focused on attentional bias and attention training in SAD. Attention processes in SAD have been a major target of interest and investigation since the introduction of the first cognitive models explaining SAD. In the first model, it was highlighted that attention was self-focused. The relationship between threatening stimuli and attention was considered in the subsequent models. Attentional bias towards threat may take place in several ways, such as facilitated processing of threat, difficulty in disengaging attention from the threat and avoidance of attention from the threat. After these descriptions regarding the phenomenology of the disorder, treatments to modify attention, processes were developed. In spite of conflicting results, investigations on attentional training are promising. Attention processes, attentional bias and attentional training in SAD are discussed in this review.Yayın Olanzapin kullanımına bağlı çekilme diskinezisi ve süpersensitivite psikozu(Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society, 2016-06) Karaş, Hakan; Güdük, Mehmet; Saatçioğlu, İbrahim ÖmerTardive dyskinesia (TD) usually appears after years of antipsychotic drug use and appears to be related to the total lifetime medication dose. In withdrawal-emergent dyskinesia (WE-D), which is considered to be a subtype of TD, dyskinetic symptoms often appear shortly after a rapid reduction in antipsychotic drug dose or sudden discontinuation of the drug. Supersensitivity psychosis, which is frequently observed along with TD and is considered to have a similar etiology as TD, is a psychotic relapse phenomenon that occurs after the withdrawal of an antipsychotic drug or a rapid reduction in the drug dosage. In general, atypical antipsychotics tend to be associated with less propensity to cause TD when compared with typical antipsychotics. Furthermore, olanzapine and clozapine may have a therapeutic potential in improving or totally curing TD. In this study, a case of WE-D because of discontinuing olanzapine use and supersensitivity psychosis is discussed.Yayın One size does not fit all in psychotherapy: Understanding depression among patients of Turkish origin in Europe(Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society, 2016-03) Balkır Neftçi, Nazlı; Barnow, SvenOver the last decades, Europe has become an immigration country hosting an estimated 56 million international immigrants. Yet, a large amount of literature suggests that migration is associated with a higher risk of common mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety. As representatives of one of the largest immigrant groups in Europe, various studies have shown that Turkish immigrants exhibit a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders than do the background population. Nevertheless, it is also well demonstrated that this particular patient group is more likely to terminate treatment prematurely and displays lower rates of treatment compliance than their native counterparts. This reluctance for service utilization might be partially because of the fact that people from non-Western ethnocultural backgrounds (e.g., Turkey) often have a different notion and comprehension of mental health and illness as compared with those of the people from Western societies. Such mismatch often results in discrepancies between the needs and expectations of immigrant patients and clinicians, which attenuate the communication and effectiveness of treatment and lead to unexplained high dropout rates. To provide continued provision of culture-sensitive, high quality, evidence-based mental health care, the advancement of researches exploring such sociocultural differences between the patients’ and the clinicians’ notions of mental health must occur. In response to these problems, the current review aims to explore the interplay between culture and mental processes that associate with the etiology, maintenance, and management of depression among Turkish immigrant patients. This is to inform clinicians regarding culturespecific correlates of depression among Turkish patients to enable them to present interventions that fit the needs and expectations of this particular patient group.Yayın Der zusammenhang zwischen selbstkonzept und psychischer belastung bei Türkischen und Deutschen frauen mit depression: implikationen für die psychotherapeutische arbeit mit Türkischen Migranten(Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2013-04) Balkır Neftçi, Nazlı; Arens, Elisabeth A.; Wolff, Carolin; Barnow, SvenAnliegen: Die Untersuchung kultureller Unterschiede im Zusammenhang zwischen Selbstkonzept und psychischer Belastung. Methode: Insgesamt wurden 56 türkische und deutsche stationäre Patientinnen mit Depression untersucht. Ergebnisse: Bei türkischen Frauen war ein interdependentes Selbstkonzept mit einer niedrigeren, bei deutschen Frauen mit einer höheren psychischen Belastung assoziiert. Schlussfolgerung: In der psychotherapeutischen Arbeit mit türkischen Migranten spielen kulturell bedingte Unterschiede im Selbstkonzept eine wichtige Rolle für die Ableitung von Therapiezielen und Interventionen.Yayın Shrinkage of olfactory amygdala connotes cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease(Springer, 2023-10) Ay, Ulaş; Yıldırım, Zerrin; Erdoğdu, Emel; Kıçik, Ani; Öztürk Işık, Esin; Demiralp, Tamer; Gürvit, HakanDuring the caudo-rostral progression of Lewy pathology, the amygdala is involved relatively early in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, lesser is known about the volumetric differences at the amygdala subdivisions, although the evidence mainly implicates the olfactory amygdala. We aimed to investigate the volumetric differences between the amygdala’s nuclear and sectoral subdivisions in the PD cognitive impairment continuum compared to healthy controls (HC). The volumes of nine nuclei of the amygdala were estimated with FreeSurfer (nuclear parcellation-NP) from T1-weighted images of PD patients with normal cognition (PD-CN), PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), PD with dementia (PD-D), and HC. The appropriate nuclei were then merged to obtain three sectors of the amygdala (sectoral parcellation-SP). The nuclear and sectoral volumes were compared among the four groups and between the hyposmic and normosmic PD patients. There was a significant difference in the total amygdala volume among the four groups. In terms of nuclei, the bilateral cortico-amygdaloid transition area (CAT) and sectors superficial cortex-like region (sCLR) volumes of PD-MCI and PD-D were less than those of the PD-CN and HC. A linear discriminant analysis revealed that left CAT and left sCLR volumes classified the PD-CN and cognitively impaired PD (PD-CI: PD-MCI plus PD-D) with 90.7% accuracy according to NP and 85.2% accuracy to SP. Similarly, left CAT and sCLR volumes correctly identified the hyposmic and normosmic PD with 64.8% and 61.1% accuracies. Notably, the left olfactory amygdala volume successfully discriminated cognitive impairment in PD and could be used as neuroimaging-based support for PD-CI diagnosis.Yayın Alzheimer hastalığında olağan durum ağı bağlantısallığı(Türkiye Sinir Ve Ruh Sağlığı Derneği, 2019-12) Yıldırım, Elif; Soncu Büyükişcan, EzgiAmaç: Alzheimer hastalığı (AH) beyinde yapısal ve işlevsel değişimler meydana getiren nörodejeneratif bir hastalıktır. Gelişen beyin görüntüleme yöntemleri sayesinde AH patolojisine eşlik eden yapısal ve işlevsel bağlantılardaki bozulmalar gitgide daha görünür hale gelmiştir. AH’de dinlenim durumu bağlantısallığında, özellikle de olağan durum ağı (default mode network - DMN) olarak adlandırılan içsel bağlantısallık ağında farklılaşmalar görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada DMN bağlantısallık bulgularının incelenmesi ve tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: İşlevsel manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (fMRI) çalışmalarında en yaygın kullanılan 2 temel metodoloji (tohum temelli ve bağımsız bileşen analizi) temel alınarak alanda yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmalar genel olarak, DMN bağlantısallığının AH süreci boyunca ilerleyici bir şekilde bozulduğunu göstermektedir. DMN alt sistemlerinin AH’nin preklinik ve prodromal evrelerinde farklı bağlantısallık örüntüleri gösterdiği de belirtilmektedir. DMN’deki bozulmanın diğer bağlantısallık ağlarındaki farklılaşma ile ilişkili olabileceğini öne süren kanıtlar da mevcuttur. Buna ek olarak, bulgular DMN’nin AH ile ilişkili nöropatoloji ve genetik risk faktörleri ile olan ilişkisine de işaret etmektedir. Sonuç: AH’nin beyinde başta DMN olmak üzere diğer dinlenim durumu ağlarında işlevsel bozulmalara yol açan yaygın bir diskonneksiyon sendromu olduğu öne sürülebilir. Buna ek olarak, preklinik vakalarda ve risk taşıyan kişilerde de saptanabilen AH ile ilişkili işlevsel bağlantısallık değişimleri AH için muhtemel bir biyo-belirteç olabilir.Yayın Thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence properties of natural barytes(Elsevier Ltd, 2010-12) Kitis, George; Güneç Kıyak, Nafiye; Polymeris, George S.Heavy, baryte-loaded, concrete is commonly used as radiation shielding material around high energy particle accelerators. Concrete samples received from a shielding block located at CERN cite contain many crystalline inclusions which were identified as barytes by X-ray diffraction analysis and separated by their color, classified as white, orange and green. Basic properties of thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signals of these barytes samples such as thermal and optical stability, repeatability and mainly the linearity of both their luminescence responses were investigated as a function of beta dose These results are also discussed regarding detailed investigation on the correlation between TL and OSL signals and their implications for retrospective dosimetryYayın Cognitive functions among healthy older adults using online social networking(Routledge, 2023-07-04) Yıldırım, Elif; Ögel Balaban, HaleOnline social network sites provide possibilities to enhance social relationships and engage in cognitive activities for older adults. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the use of one social network site, Facebook, and cognitive functions in older adults considering different dimensions of Facebook use together with different cognitive functions. Seventy healthy older adults completed the use of Facebook form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Social Network Index. Their cognitive functions were measured with Digit Span Tasks, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, Letter and Category Fluency Tests, Stroop Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and Trail Making Test (TMT-A and TMT-B). After controlling for age, gender, education level, we found that Facebook users performed better on TMT-A compared to non-users. Among Facebook users, the length of having an account, the network size, the daily duration of use, and the frequency of active and passive use correlated with cognitive performance after controlling offline sociality. These findings, which need confirmation by experimental and longitudinal studies, suggested that being connected to a larger network via more prolonged and active use of social media might be associated with higher cognitive functioning.Yayın Evaluation of post-swallow residue with visual analysis of swallowing efficiency and safety in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease(Sage Publications Inc, 2023-12) Doruk, Can; Çaytemel, Berkay; Şahin, Erdi; Kara, Hakan; Samancı, Bedia; Abay, Sevinç Nisa; Bilgiç, Başar; Hanağası, Haşmet; Başaran, Bora; Enver, Necati; Rameau, AnaisObjectives: Dysphagia is common in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) and is associated with impairments in both swallowing safety and swallowing efficiency. The goals of this study were to define post-swallow residue patterns in people with IPD and describe pathophysiological endoscopic findings affecting residue accumulation. Methods: This was a prospective single-blinded cross-sectional cohort study of patients with the diagnosis of IPD recruited from a Movement Disorder Clinic. Clinical variables included patient age, cognitive function, and measures of disease severity, and laryngoscopic examinations with a flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) were completed for each patient. Visual Analysis of Swallowing Efficiency and Safety (VASES) was used to analyze FEES. Post-swallow residue outcomes and non-residue endoscopic outcomes including the Bowing index, Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) score, premature leakage, and build-up phenomenon were evaluated. Multiple regression models were used to evaluate factors affecting the residue at different anatomic levels. Results: Overall 53 patients completed the study. The multiple regression analyses showed a relation between (1) the presence of residue at the level of oropharynx and epiglottis with premature leakage, (2) the presence of residue at the level of the laryngeal vestibule and vocal folds with build-up phenomenon, and (3) the presence of residue at the level of the hypopharynx, laryngeal vestibule, and subglottis with airway invasion. Conclusion: Residue pattern during FEES is associated with specific swallow dysfunctions in IPD. Using residue localization and quantification may be a helpful tool in assessing the impact of targeted swallowing interventions in patients with IPD and dysphagia.Yayın Uzaktan nöropsikolojik değerlendirme: telenöropsikoloji(BAYT Yayıncılık, 2024-05-25) Yıldırım, Elif; Soncu Büyükişcan, Ezgi; Akça Kalem, Şükriye; Gürvit, İ. HakanAmaç: Nöropsikolojik testlerin hastalara uzaktan, telefon ve videokonferans aracılığı ile yapılan uygulamalarını içeren telenöropsikoloji, uzakta yaşayan ya da hareket kısıtlılığı bulunan hastaların sağlık hizmetlerine ulaşım imkânını genişletebilmektedir. Covid-19 pandemisinin ortaya çıkması ile kognitif değerlendirmelerde telenöropsikoloji kullanımı önemli bir artış göstermiştir. Bu derlemede telenöropsikoloji ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların sonuçlarının ve telenöropsikolojik değerlendirme ile ilgili temel esasların eleştirel bir şekilde gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Buna ek olarak, bu derlemede Türkiye uygulamaları için geliştirilmiş “ev temelli telenöropsikoloji uygulama rehberi” genel hatları ile paylaşılmıştır. Yöntem: Web of Science ve Pubmed veri tabanları kullanılarak konu ile ilgili erişilebilen tüm makale türlerini kapsayan bir şekilde literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Klinik temelli ve ev temelli telenöropsikolojik değerlendirme ile ilgili çalışmaların sonuçları dikkat, bellek, yürütücü işlevler ve dil gibi kognitif işlevleri değerlendiren ve özellikle sözel uygulamaya dayanan nöropsikolojik testlerin telenöropsikolojik değerlendirmede güvenilir bir şekilde uygulanabileceğini göstermektedir. Fakat telenöropsikolojik değerlendirmeye alınacak hastaların yönlendirilmesinde, değerlendirmede kullanılacak testlerin seçiminde ve etik konularda dikkat edilmesi gereken unsurlar bulunmaktadır. Buna ek olarak, telenöropsikolojik değerlendirmenin etkili bir şekilde yürütülmesi için görüşme öncesinde ve sırasında hem klinisyenin hem de hasta ve/veya hasta yakınının uygulanması önerilen adımların takip edilmesi önemlidir. Sonuç: Her ne kadar klinik nöropsikoloji pratiğinde hasta ile doğrudan temas kurmak önemli bir unsur olsa da gerekli durumlarda ve yetkin uzmanlar tarafından uygun uygulama prosedürleri takip edilerek yapılan telenöropsikolojik değerlendirmeler yüz yüze değerlendirmeler için iyi bir alternatif olabilir.
