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Yayın Normative data and factorial structure of the Turkish version of the junior temperament and character inventory-revised(Taylor & Francis, 2017) Köse, Samet; Çam Çelikel, Feryal; Akın, Ercan; Kaya, Cahit; Elbozan Cumurcu, Birgül; Etikan, İlker; Cloninger, Claude RobertObjective: Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (J-TCI) was developed by Luby, Svrakic, McCallum, Przybeck, and Cloninger based on Cloninger's biopsychosocial model to assess temperament and character dimensions in children and adolescents. Methods: The Turkish version of J-TCI-Revised (J-TCI-R) was administered to 1129 elementary and middle-school (male/female, 546/583) students. Internal consistency reliabilities were measured by Cronbach's alpha; test-retest was assessed across one month. Results: Cronbach's alphas for the subscales of J-TCI-R ranged from 0.60 to 0.75 for temperament and character subscales, which were comparable to US and other populations. The correlations between baseline and one month after administration of J-TCI-R were highly and statistically significant (r = 0.578-0.674 for scales and 0.366-0.582 for subscales) (n = 795). Factor analysis results using Eigenvalue greater than one rule indicated three out of four factors for temperament scales and one out of two factors for character subscales which were similar to findings from the other countries. When all of the subscales were subjected to factor analysis, four out of six factors were retained. To our knowledge, this is the first study analysing psychometric properties and factorial construct of the J-TCI-R. Conclusions: The internal reliability coefficients and test-retest indicated a good stability of scores over time and the factorial structure was consistent with Cloninger's model of personality. The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the TCI is therefore supported.Yayın Reliability, validity, and factorial structure of the Turkish version of the Empathy Quotient (Turkish EQ)(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018-07-03) Köse, Samet; Çam Çelikel, Feryal; Kulacaoğlu, Filiz; Akın, Ercan; Yalçın, Mehmet; Ceylan, VedatOBJECTIVES: Empathy is an essential ability that allows us to tune into how others are feeling or thinking. Empathy makes it possible to resonate with others' positive and negative feelings alike so that we can thus feel happy when we vicariously share the joy of others and we can share the experience of suffering when we empathize with someone in pain. Empathy training not only promotes prosocial behaviour, but also augments positive affect and resilience, which in turn fosters better coping with stressful situations. The Empathy Quotient (EQ) is a self-report questionnaire that was developed to measure the cognitive, affective, and behavioural aspects of empathy. Here, we aimed to examine the validity, reliability, and factor structure of the EQ in a Turkish sample. METHODS: Participants were 436 mostly college students and civil servants (195 female, 241 male). Sociodemographic information, the Turkish version of the EQ, Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS) 33-item full version and MC-SDS 13-item shorter versions were administered. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 23 for Windows. RESULT: EQ scores were significantly higher in female participants ((X) over bar (Female)=46.45, SDFemale=0.62) compared to the male participants ((X) over bar (Male)=43.68, SD (Male)=0.56). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.76, Guttman's split-half reliability coefficient was 0.61, and test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.95. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between the Turkish EQ and MC-SDS Full version (r=0.299, p<.01) and short form of MC-SDS (r=0.273, p<.01). A three-factor solution that accounted for 25.28% of the variance observed. CONCLUSIONS: The Turkish version of the EQ has satisfactory validity, good internal and test-retest reliability with a robust factorial structure to use in a clinical population in Turkey. Moreover, as predicted, women scores were statistically significantly higher on the EQ than men. This result was consistent with a series of earlier studies reporting gender differences (female superiority) on questionnaires that measure empathy. A better knowledge of empathy will have important implications for the examination and understanding of certain neurological and psychiatric disorders, including autism, narcissistic and antisocial personality disorders, and may also provide important clues about the relevant brain circuitry underlying empathy.Yayın Treatment and long-term outcome of mental disorders: The grim picture from a quasi-epidemiological investigation in 54,826 subjects from 40 countries(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2025-06) Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N.; Karakatsoulis, Gregory; Abraham, Seri; Adorjan, Kristina; Uddin Ahmed, Helal; Alarcòn, Renato Daniel; Arai, Kiyomi; Auwal, Sani Salihu; Berk, Michael; Levaj, Sarah; Yılmaz Kafalı, HelinIntroduction: This study registered rates of specific treatment options for mental disorders as well as their long-term outcome. Material and methods: The history of mental disorders was used as a proxy for diagnosis. The data came from the COMET-G study (40 countries; 54,826 subjects, 64.73 % females, 35.45±13.51 years old). The analysis included descriptive statistics, Risk Ratios, t-tests, and ANCOVA's. Results: 24.14 % reported a history of any mental disorder (depression >12 %, non-affective psychosis and Bipolar disorder 1 % each, >20 % self-injury, >10 % had attempted suicide, 7.17 % illegal substance abuse). Most patients were not under any kind of treatment (59.44 %) and most were not receiving treatment as recommended (e.g. 90 % of Bipolar and 2/3 of psychotic patients). No treatment at all and psychotherapy as monotherapy were consistently related to poorer outcomes. In anxiety or depression, only antidepressant monotherapy and benzodiazepines, in Bipolar disorder only antipsychotic monotherapy in males and antidepressant monotherapy in females and in non-affective psychosis antipsychotics and psychotherapy in females only, were related to good outcomes. No treatment modality was related to a good outcome in those with a history of self-harm, suicidal attempts, or illegal substance use. Only depression and treatment with antidepressants were related to metabolic syndrome. Discussion: In the community, the overwhelming majority of mental patients do not receive appropriate treatment or, even worse, no treatment at all. The outcome is unfavourable for the majority and only a few selective treatment options seem to make a difference.
