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Yayın Normative data and factorial structure of the Turkish version of the junior temperament and character inventory-revised(Taylor & Francis, 2017) Köse, Samet; Çam Çelikel, Feryal; Akın, Ercan; Kaya, Cahit; Elbozan Cumurcu, Birgül; Etikan, İlker; Cloninger, Claude RobertObjective: Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (J-TCI) was developed by Luby, Svrakic, McCallum, Przybeck, and Cloninger based on Cloninger's biopsychosocial model to assess temperament and character dimensions in children and adolescents. Methods: The Turkish version of J-TCI-Revised (J-TCI-R) was administered to 1129 elementary and middle-school (male/female, 546/583) students. Internal consistency reliabilities were measured by Cronbach's alpha; test-retest was assessed across one month. Results: Cronbach's alphas for the subscales of J-TCI-R ranged from 0.60 to 0.75 for temperament and character subscales, which were comparable to US and other populations. The correlations between baseline and one month after administration of J-TCI-R were highly and statistically significant (r = 0.578-0.674 for scales and 0.366-0.582 for subscales) (n = 795). Factor analysis results using Eigenvalue greater than one rule indicated three out of four factors for temperament scales and one out of two factors for character subscales which were similar to findings from the other countries. When all of the subscales were subjected to factor analysis, four out of six factors were retained. To our knowledge, this is the first study analysing psychometric properties and factorial construct of the J-TCI-R. Conclusions: The internal reliability coefficients and test-retest indicated a good stability of scores over time and the factorial structure was consistent with Cloninger's model of personality. The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the TCI is therefore supported.Yayın Olanzapin kullanımına bağlı çekilme diskinezisi ve süpersensitivite psikozu(Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society, 2016-06) Karaş, Hakan; Güdük, Mehmet; Saatçioğlu, İbrahim ÖmerTardive dyskinesia (TD) usually appears after years of antipsychotic drug use and appears to be related to the total lifetime medication dose. In withdrawal-emergent dyskinesia (WE-D), which is considered to be a subtype of TD, dyskinetic symptoms often appear shortly after a rapid reduction in antipsychotic drug dose or sudden discontinuation of the drug. Supersensitivity psychosis, which is frequently observed along with TD and is considered to have a similar etiology as TD, is a psychotic relapse phenomenon that occurs after the withdrawal of an antipsychotic drug or a rapid reduction in the drug dosage. In general, atypical antipsychotics tend to be associated with less propensity to cause TD when compared with typical antipsychotics. Furthermore, olanzapine and clozapine may have a therapeutic potential in improving or totally curing TD. In this study, a case of WE-D because of discontinuing olanzapine use and supersensitivity psychosis is discussed.Yayın Reliability, validity, and factorial structure of the Turkish version of the Empathy Quotient (Turkish EQ)(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018-07-03) Köse, Samet; Çam Çelikel, Feryal; Kulacaoğlu, Filiz; Akın, Ercan; Yalçın, Mehmet; Ceylan, VedatOBJECTIVES: Empathy is an essential ability that allows us to tune into how others are feeling or thinking. Empathy makes it possible to resonate with others' positive and negative feelings alike so that we can thus feel happy when we vicariously share the joy of others and we can share the experience of suffering when we empathize with someone in pain. Empathy training not only promotes prosocial behaviour, but also augments positive affect and resilience, which in turn fosters better coping with stressful situations. The Empathy Quotient (EQ) is a self-report questionnaire that was developed to measure the cognitive, affective, and behavioural aspects of empathy. Here, we aimed to examine the validity, reliability, and factor structure of the EQ in a Turkish sample. METHODS: Participants were 436 mostly college students and civil servants (195 female, 241 male). Sociodemographic information, the Turkish version of the EQ, Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS) 33-item full version and MC-SDS 13-item shorter versions were administered. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 23 for Windows. RESULT: EQ scores were significantly higher in female participants ((X) over bar (Female)=46.45, SDFemale=0.62) compared to the male participants ((X) over bar (Male)=43.68, SD (Male)=0.56). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.76, Guttman's split-half reliability coefficient was 0.61, and test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.95. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between the Turkish EQ and MC-SDS Full version (r=0.299, p<.01) and short form of MC-SDS (r=0.273, p<.01). A three-factor solution that accounted for 25.28% of the variance observed. CONCLUSIONS: The Turkish version of the EQ has satisfactory validity, good internal and test-retest reliability with a robust factorial structure to use in a clinical population in Turkey. Moreover, as predicted, women scores were statistically significantly higher on the EQ than men. This result was consistent with a series of earlier studies reporting gender differences (female superiority) on questionnaires that measure empathy. A better knowledge of empathy will have important implications for the examination and understanding of certain neurological and psychiatric disorders, including autism, narcissistic and antisocial personality disorders, and may also provide important clues about the relevant brain circuitry underlying empathy.Yayın Exploring the impact of Flash technique on test anxiety among adolescents(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025-07) Çitil Akyol, Canan; İnci İzmir, Sevim BerrinThis study aims to investigate the specific effects of Flash Technique (FT) on adolescents with test anxiety. This follow-up study consists of 38 adolescents, 14–17 years of age (M = 15.39, SD = 1.13). Pre-post assessments were conducted using the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI), Scale of Attitudes Negatively Affecting the Performance I/Test (POET), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) at baseline, at the end of the 4thand 12thweeks of therapy. The FT was applied for 12 weeks, with one weekly session as an intervention. As a result of the therapy process, the baseline means of total BAI scores decreased from 25.26 to 2.18; the baseline means of TAI decreased from 149.79 to 39.13, and the baseline mean of POET decreased from 298.47 to 73.84 at the end of the 12th week of therapy. Also, the baseline means of SUD scores decreased from 9.42 to zero at the end of the 12th week of treatment. All the adolescents showed complete improvement after the 12th week of the FT. The study findings showed that the test anxiety symptoms significantly decreased with the treatment of the FT. FT can be an effective intervention for test anxiety in adolescents.Yayın The comparison of psychological factors and executive functions of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome to ADHD and ADHD comorbid with Oppositional Defiant Disorder(SAGE Publications Inc., 2024-10) İnci İzmir, Sevim Berrin; Aktan, Zekeriya Deniz; Ercan, Eyüp SabriObjective: The study aims to examine family functionality, emotion regulation difficulties, preference for loneliness, social exclusion, internalizing and externalizing disorders, and executive functions in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) and compare with ADHD, and ADHD+ Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Method: This study included 842 children aged 8–12 years. The subjects were categorized according to DSM-V as ADHD (n = 246), ADHD + ODD (n = 212), ADHD + CDS (n = 176), and Control group (n = 207). The solitude and social exclusion, difficulties in emotion dysregulation and Barkley SCT scales, Child Behavior Checklist, family assessment device, and Central Vital Signs (CNSVS) test were used. Results: According to the study, children with ADHD + CDS had higher rates of internalizing disorders. They also preferred being alone and experienced more difficulty communicating with their parents and solving problems within the family. Additionally, these children had difficulty recognizing and understanding the emotional reactions of others. The ADHD + ODD group presented a poorer performance on CNSVS domain tests except for the psychomotor speed test than other groups. Also, ADHD + CDS children had the lowest psychomotor speed scores and lower scores on reaction time and cognitive flexibility than pure ADHD children. Conclusion: This study will contribute to the etiology, treatment, and clinical discrimination of ADHD + CDS.Yayın Associations between cerebral perfusion pressure, hemodynamic parameters, and cognitive test values in normal-tension glaucoma patients, Alzheimer’s disease patients, and healthy controls(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-05-24) Stoskuviene, Akvile; Chaleckas, Edvinas; Grusauskiene, Evelina; Bartusis, Laimonas; Çelikkaya, Güven; Januleviciene, Ingrida; Vaitkus, Antanas; Ragauskas, Arminas; Hamarat, YasinBackground/Objectives: Glaucoma and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are neurodegenerative conditions with vascular underpinnings. This study aimed to explore the relationship between blood pressure parameters such as mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and cognitive performance in patients with AD, normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and healthy controls. We hypothesized that NTG patients, like those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), may experience subtle cognitive changes related to vascular dysregulation. Methods: Ninety-eight participants (35 NTG, 17 AD, 46 controls) were assessed for CPP, MAP, OPP, and cognitive performance. Statistical analyses compared groups and examined correlations. Results: AD patients showed lower CPP and MAP (p < 0.001), indicating systemic vascular dysfunction, while NTG patients had higher ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) (p = 0.008), suggesting compensatory mechanisms. CPP correlated with visuospatial abilities in AD (r = 0.492, p = 0.045). MAP correlated with the Clock drawing test (CDT) scores in the NTG group (r = 0.378, p = 0.025). PP negatively correlated with cognition in AD (r = −0.527, p = 0.016 for CDT scores) and controls (r = −0.440, p = 0.002 for verbal fluency and r = −0.348, p = 0.019 for total ACE scores). Conclusions: The study highlights distinct hemodynamic profiles: systemic dysfunction in AD and localized dysregulation in NTG. These findings emphasize the role of vascular dysregulation in neurodegeneration, with implications for personalized treatment approaches targeting vascular health in neurodegenerative conditions.Yayın The comparison of functional connectivity in Parkinson’s Disease patients with and without Parkin gene mutations(Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society, 2025-06-19) Çebi, Merve; Ay, Ulaş; Kıçik, Ani; Erdoğdu, Emel; Tepgeç, Fatih; Uyguner, Zehra Oya; Tüfekçioğlu, Zeynep; Samancı, Bedia; Bilgiç, Başar; Emre, Murat; Demiralp, Tamer; Hanağası, Haşmet AyhanIntroduction: Mapping the functional connectivity of brain regions became appealing in recent research in neurology. Accordingly, a growing body of evidence shows resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s Disease (PD). As characterised by extensive and progressive dopaminergic loss in the substantia nigra, PD emerges with serious motor and non-motor dysfunctions. In the literature, the minority of PD cases have been associated with certain genetic mutations. The aim of this study was to investigate the rsFC in a group of PD patients having Parkin gene mutation. Method: Twelve PD patients with Parkin mutation (PP-PD), 12 PD patients without Parkin mutation (PN-PD) and 12 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. All participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as a neuropsychological assessment and clinical examination. Results: Results indicated that PP-PD had longer disease duration, a higher rate of dyskinesia and lower scores on complex visual perception tests. The resting state networks showed that all PD (consisting of PP-PD and PN-PD) and PP-PD groups had increased functional connectivity in the frontoparietal network as compared to the HC. In addition, the PP-PD group displayed decreased functional connectivity in the dorsal attention network compared to the PN-PD. Conclusion: In conclusion, our data suggests that PD with Parkin gene mutation might be emerging with distinct resting state functional connectivity changes in the brain.Yayın A novel approach to non-invasive intracranial pressure wave monitoring: a pilot healthy brain study(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-06-28) Karaliunas, Andrius; Bartusis, Laimonas; Krakauskaite, Solventa; Chaleckas, Edvinas; Deimantavicius, Mantas; Hamarat, Yasin; Petkus, Vytautas; Stulge, Toma; Ratkunas, Vytenis; Çelikkaya, Güven; Januleviciene, Ingrida; Ragauskas, ArminasIntracranial pressure (ICP) pulse wave morphology, including the ratios of the three characteristic peaks (P1, P2, and P3), offers valuable insights into intracranial dynamics and brain compliance. Traditional invasive methods for ICP pulse wave monitoring pose significant risks, highlighting the need for non-invasive alternatives. This pilot study investigates a novel non-invasive method for monitoring ICP pulse waves through closed eyelids, using a specially designed, liquid-filled, fully passive sensor system named ‘Archimedes 02’. To our knowledge, this is the first technological approach that enables the non-invasive monitoring of ICP pulse waveforms via closed eyelids. This study involved 10 healthy volunteers, aged 26–39 years, who underwent resting-state non-invasive ICP pulse wave monitoring sessions using the ‘Archimedes 02’ device while in the supine position. The recorded signals were processed to extract pulse waves and evaluate their morphological characteristics. The results indicated successful detection of pressure pulse waves, showing the expected three peaks (P1, P2, and P3) in all subjects. The calculated P2/P1 ratios were 0.762 (SD = ±0.229) for the left eye and 0.808 (SD = ±0.310) for the right eye, suggesting normal intracranial compliance across the cohort, despite variations observed in some individuals. Physiological tests—the Valsalva maneuver and the Queckenstedt test, both performed in the supine position—induced statistically significant increases in the P2/P1 and P3/P1 ratios, supporting the notion that non-invasively recorded pressure pulse waves, measured through closed eyelids, reflect intracranial volume and pressure dynamics. Additionally, a transient hypoemic/hyperemic response test performed in the upright position induced signal changes in pressure recordings from the ‘Archimedes 02’ sensor that were consistent with intact cerebral blood flow autoregulation, aligning with established physiological principles. These findings indicate that ICP pulse waves and their dynamic changes can be monitored non-invasively through closed eyelids, offering a potential method for brain monitoring in patients for whom invasive procedures are not feasible.Yayın Investigation of symptom-specific functional connectivity patterns in Parkinson’s disease(Springer-Verlag Italia S.R.L., 2025-06-14) Kıçik, Ani; Bayram, Ali; Erdoğdu, Emel; Kurt, Elif; Sarıdede, Dilek Betül; Cengiz, Sevim; Bilgiç, Başar; Hanağası, Haşmet; Öztürk Işık, Esin; Gürvit, Hakan; Tüzün, Erdem; Demiralp, TamerParkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease, characterized by pronounced heterogeneity in symptoms. This study investigates the functional connectivity (FC) patterns associated with distinct symptom clusters, aiming to elucidate the heterogeneity in PD and uncover the neural mechanisms underlying its motor and cognitive symptoms. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data from 55 non-demented PD patients and 24 healthy controls (HC) were used to perform seed-to-seed FC analyses. A clustering algorithm was applied to the cognitive and motor scores of all PD patients to generate relatively homogeneous symptomatic subgroups. PD patients exhibited a general decrease in FC within a network comprising the sensorimotor network (SMN) and the visual network (VN) regions. Symptom-based clustering revealed three relatively homogeneous subgroups, exhibiting a gradient pattern: patients with greater motor deficits showed significant disconnection within the SMN, whereas patients with greater visuospatial deficits exhibited reduced FC in an extended subnetwork, with pronounced disconnections between the VN and SMN areas. Our study demonstrated a notable disconnection between the SMN and VN, indicating impaired visual-motor integration in PD. Stronger disconnection within the SMN was associated with greater motor dysfunction, and stronger visual-sensorimotor disconnections were associated with greater visuospatial deficits. These findings suggest that at least two separate routes of functional disconnection may be responsible for the inhomogeneous symptom distribution in PD.Yayın Treatment and long-term outcome of mental disorders: The grim picture from a quasi-epidemiological investigation in 54,826 subjects from 40 countries(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2025-06) Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N.; Karakatsoulis, Gregory; Abraham, Seri; Adorjan, Kristina; Uddin Ahmed, Helal; Alarcòn, Renato Daniel; Arai, Kiyomi; Auwal, Sani Salihu; Berk, Michael; Levaj, Sarah; Yılmaz Kafalı, HelinIntroduction: This study registered rates of specific treatment options for mental disorders as well as their long-term outcome. Material and methods: The history of mental disorders was used as a proxy for diagnosis. The data came from the COMET-G study (40 countries; 54,826 subjects, 64.73 % females, 35.45±13.51 years old). The analysis included descriptive statistics, Risk Ratios, t-tests, and ANCOVA's. Results: 24.14 % reported a history of any mental disorder (depression >12 %, non-affective psychosis and Bipolar disorder 1 % each, >20 % self-injury, >10 % had attempted suicide, 7.17 % illegal substance abuse). Most patients were not under any kind of treatment (59.44 %) and most were not receiving treatment as recommended (e.g. 90 % of Bipolar and 2/3 of psychotic patients). No treatment at all and psychotherapy as monotherapy were consistently related to poorer outcomes. In anxiety or depression, only antidepressant monotherapy and benzodiazepines, in Bipolar disorder only antipsychotic monotherapy in males and antidepressant monotherapy in females and in non-affective psychosis antipsychotics and psychotherapy in females only, were related to good outcomes. No treatment modality was related to a good outcome in those with a history of self-harm, suicidal attempts, or illegal substance use. Only depression and treatment with antidepressants were related to metabolic syndrome. Discussion: In the community, the overwhelming majority of mental patients do not receive appropriate treatment or, even worse, no treatment at all. The outcome is unfavourable for the majority and only a few selective treatment options seem to make a difference.
