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Yayın Reversible film formation from PS doped PNIPAM particles in various compositions(John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2008-02) Uğur, Şaziye; Yargı, Önder; Pekcan, Mehmet ÖnderFilm formation from polystyrene (PS) doped poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) particles was studied using photon transmission technique. The transmitted light intensity, Itr, was monitored during film formation process. Films were prepared by mixing PS and PNIPAM particles in various compositions ranging from 5 to 50 %. Samples were separately heated and cooled in constant rate at temperatures ranging from 10 to 100 C. The increase and decrease in Itr during heating-cooling cycles were explained by void closure and void reconstruction processes. The corresponding activation energies were measured during the reversible film formation process. Percolation model was used to interpret the distribution of PS particles in PNIPAM lattice.Yayın Waves in an elastic tube filled with a heterogeneous fluid of variable viscosity(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2009-07) Demiray, HilmiBy treating the artery as a prestressed thin elastic tube and the blood as an incompressible heterogeneous fluid with variable viscosity. we studied the propagation of weakly non-linear waves in such a composite medium through the use of reductive perturbation method. By assuming a variable density and a variable viscosity for blood in the radial direction we obtained the perturbed Korteweg-deVries equation as the evolution equation when the viscosity is of order of epsilon(3/2). We observed that the perturbed character is the combined result of the viscosity and the heterogeneity of the blood. A progressive wave type of solution is presented for the evolution equation and the result is discussed. The numerical results indicate that for a certain value of the density parameter sigma, the wave equation loses its dispersive character and the evolution equation degenerates. It is further shown that, for the perturbed KdV equation both the amplitude and the wave speed decay in the time parameter tau.Yayın The boundary layer approximation and nonlinear waves in elastic tubes(Pergamon-Elsevier Science, 2000-09) Antar, Nalan; Demiray, HilmiIn the present work, employing the nonlinear equations of an incompressible, isotropic and elastic thin tube and approximate equations of an incompressible viscous fluid, the propagation of weakly nonlinear waves is examined. In order to include the geometrical and structural dispersion into analysis, the wall's inertial and shear deformation are taken into account in determining the inner pressure-inner cross sectional area relation. Using the reductive perturbation technique, the propagation of weakly nonlinear waves, in the long-wave approximation, are shown to be governed by the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and the Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers (KdVB), depending on the balance between the nonlinearity, dispersion and/or dissipation. In the case of small viscosity (or large Reynolds number), the behaviour of viscous fluid is quite close to that ideal fluid and viscous effects are confined to a very thin layer near the boundary. In this case, using the boundary layer approximation we obtain the viscous-Korteweg-de Vries and viscous-Burgers equations.Yayın Weakly nonlinear waves in a fluid with variable viscosity contained in a prestressed thin elastic tube(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2008-04) Demiray, HilmiIn this work, treating the artery as a prestressed thin elastic tube and the blood as an incompressible Newtonian fluid with variable viscosity which vanishes on the boundary of the tube, the propagation of nonlinear waves in such a fluid-filled elastic tube is studied, in the longwave approximation, through the use of reductive perturbation method and the evolution equation is obtained as the Korteweg-deVries-Burgers equation. A progressive wave type of solution is presented for this evolution equation and the result is discussed.Yayın Theory of fluidity of liquids, glass transition, and melting(Elsevier B.V., 2006-03-01) Dimitrov, Ventzislav IvanovThis is a presentation of a rigorous theory of fluidity of liquids, glass transition and melting of solids in the frame of an asymmetric double well potential model. Potential wells are doubled time to time by the local density fluctuations caused by the thermal longitudinal waves. The average frequency of doubling of potential wells is equal to the frequency of the most energetic waves which obey a law similar to Wein's displacement law in black body radiation. Based on the equilibrium thermodynamic theory of fluctuations and the displacement law, a law of linear pre-diffusion mean-square displacement of particles in a solid is derived: the mean-square displacement of molecules within their potential wells increases linearly with temperature. It is shown that when this is broken-down (where the mean-square displacement at a certain temperature rapidly changes its slope as a function of temperature) glass devitrifies and crystal melts, and all possible solid-liquid transitions of a substance occur at the same critical mean-square displacement: any solid (not only crystals) transforms into liquid when the mean-square displacement, as a fraction of the average intermolecular distance, acquires a certain universal critical value - the same for different substances. It is proved that molecules in a liquid perform specific Brownian motion. The average jump distance is a function of temperature and it is much smaller than the nearest intermolecular distances. At a certain temperature, shown to be the Kauzmann temperature, the average jump distance of Brownian motion becomes equal to zero: the supercooled liquid undergoes glass transition. The transition was proven to be a phase transition of the fourth order: the free energy of the system and its first, second and third derivatives are all continuous functions, but its fourth derivative with respect to temperature is discontinuous. Molecular mobility, diffusion and viscosity are obtained as functions of temperature.Yayın Head-on-collision of nonlinear waves in a fluid of variable viscosity contained in an elastic tube(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2009-08-30) Demiray, HilmiIn this work, treating the arteries as a thin walled, prestressed elastic tube and the blood as an incompressible viscous fluid of variable viscosity, we have studied the interactions of two nonlinear waves, in the long wave approximation, through the use of extended PLK perturbation method, and the evolution equations are shown to be the Korteweg-deVries-Burgers equation. The results show that, Up to O(is an element of(3/2)), the head-on-collision of two nonlinear progressive waves is elastic and the nonlinear progressive waves preserve their original properties after the collision. The phase functions for each wave are derived explicitly and it is shown that they are not straight lines anymore, they are rather some curves.Yayın Forced Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation in an elastic tube filled with a variable viscosity fluid(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2008-11) Gaik, Tay Kim; Demiray, HilmiIn the present work, treating the arteries as a prestressed thin walled elastic tube with a stenosis and the blood as a Newtonian fluid with variable viscosity, we have studied the propagation of weakly nonlinear waves in such a composite medium, in the long wave approximation, by use of the reductive perturbation method [Jeffrey A, Kawahara T. Asymptotic methods in nonlinear wave theory. Boston: Pitman; 1981]. We obtained the forced Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers (FKdVB) equation with variable coefficients as the evolution equation. By use of the coordinate transformation, it is shown that this type of evolution equation admits a progressive wave solution with variable wave speed. As might be expected from physical consideration, the wave speed reaches its maximum value at the center of stenosis and gets smaller and smaller as we go away from the center of the stenosis. The variations of radial displacement and the fluid pressure with the distance parameter are also examined numerically. The results seem to be consistent with physical intuition.Yayın Universal behaviour of glass transition exponents in various polymeric systems(VSP BV, Brill Academic Publishers, 2005) Pekcan, Mehmet Önder; Kaya Aktaş, DemetThe fast transient fluorescence (FTRF) technique was used to study the critical exponents during glass transition in free-radical cross-linking copolymerization (FCC). Methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA) and various combinations of MMA with EMA were used during FCC experiments. Pyrene (Py) was used as a fluorescence probe and its fluorescence lifetimes from its decay traces were measured during glass transition. Changes in the viscosity of the pre-gel solutions due to glass formation dramatically increased the Py fluorescent lifetimes, which were used to study the glass transition of MMA, EMA and their mixtures as a function of time, at various temperatures and monomer concentrations. The results were interpreted in the view of percolation theory. The critical exponents, beta and gamma, were measured near the glass transition point and found to be around 0.37 +/- 0.015 and 1.69 +/- 0.05, respectively, in all systems studied, which are in good agreement with the static percolation results.Yayın Films formed from polystyrene latex/clay composites: A fluorescence study(Springer New York, 2005-07) Uğur, Şaziye; Alemdar, Ayşe; Pekcan, Mehmet ÖnderThis study reports a steady-state fluorescence (SSF) technique for studying film formation from surractant-free polystyrene (PS) latex and Na-montmorillonite (SNaM) composites. The composite films were prepared from pyrene (P)-labeled PS particles and SNaM clay at room temperature and annealed at elevated temperatures in 10-min intervals above glass transition temperature (T-g) of polystyrene. During the annealing processes, the transparency of the fllm improved considerably. Scattered light (I-s) and fluorescence intensity (I-s) from P were measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. Evolution of transparency of composite films was monitored by using photon transmission intensity, I-tr Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to detect the variation in physical structure of annealed composite-films. Minimum flIm formation temperature, T-o, and healing temperatures, T-h, were determined. Void closure and interdiff-usion stages were modeled and related activation energies were determined. It was observed that both activation energies increased as the percent of SNaM was increased in composite films.Yayın Nonlinear waves in an elastic tube with variable prestretch filled with a fluid of variable viscosity(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2008-10) Demiray, HilmiIn the present work, by employing the reductive perturbation method to the nonlinear equations of an incompressible, prestressed, homogeneous and isotropic thin elastic tube and to the exact equations of an incompressible Newtonian fluid of variable viscosity, we have studied weakly nonlinear waves in such a medium and obtained the variable coefficient Korteweg-deVries-Burgers (KdV-B) equation as the evolution equation. For this purpose, we treated the artery as an incompressible, homogeneous and isotropic elastic material subjected to variable stretches both in the axial and circumferential directions initially, and the blood as an incompressible Newtonian fluid whose viscosity changes with the radial coordinate. By seeking a travelling wave solution to this evolution equation, we observed that the wave front is not a plane anymore, it is rather a curved surface. This is the result of the variable radius of the tube. The numerical calculations indicate that the wave speed is variable in the axial coordinate and it decreases for increasing circumferential stretch (or radius). Such a result seems to be plausible from physical considerations, like Bernoulli's law. We further observed that, the amplitude of the Burgers shock gets smaller and smaller with increasing time parameter along the tube axis. This is again due to the variable radius, but the effect of it is quite small.
