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    The role of inner speech in modulating electrophysiological stress responses
    (Işık Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2026-04-29) Kaleem, Zayna Syed; Küçük, Zeynep
    The frequency and reliance on inner speech (IS) vary across individuals and may influence selfregulation processes such as emotion regulation and impulse control. This study examined whether IS frequency is associated with differences in emotion regulation, impulsive behavior, and physiological stress responses. The sample consisted of 35 university students aged 18–39. IS frequency was treated as a continuous predictor. Associations between IS frequency, self-report measures of emotion regulation and impulsivity, task performance (Stroop task), and physiological responses (heart rate (HR) and skin conductance level (SCL)) were analyzed using correlation, linear regression, and repeated-measures ANOVA. Results showed no significant associations between IS frequency and emotion regulation, impulsivity, Stroop task accuracy, or reaction times. A significant main effect of task condition on SCL was observed, with mental arithmetic eliciting higher electrodermal activity than baseline and Stroop conditions, confirming successful stress induction. However, regression analyses revealed no relationship between IS frequency and physiological responses across tasks. The only significant finding emerged at baseline: higher IS frequency predicted lower resting HR (β = −.48, p = .004, R² = .23). Overall, IS frequency did not substantially influence cognitive or physiological outcomes. Future research should use larger samples, counterbalanced designs, and alternative measures to better capture dynamic stress-related processes.