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Yayın When do workers support executive aggrandizement? Lessons from the recent Turkish experience(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-03) Apaydın, Fulya; Öngel, Ferit Serkan; Schmid, Jonas W.; Ülker, ErolFollowing the 2017 constitutional referendum under the Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi (Justice and Development Party-AKP) rule in Turkey, the reforms granted judicial and legislative powers to the head of the executive under a presidential system. Initial observations reveal that some blue-collar workers who are members of a historically progressive union have also supported these reforms. This is surprising because the union leadership has publicly opposed these changes. What explains this discrepancy? Why did some of these workers support reforms in favour of a powerful executive? Based on a sample from a major metalworking union, this paper finds that partisan identity moderates support for AKP's push for challenging the separation of powers. Although we find that higher amount of debt may reduce worker support for stronger executive, this is conditional on the metal workers' pre-existing partisan commitments. Under these circumstances, highly indebted partisan workers do not diverge from the party line. These results also raise further questions for students of labour and regime change elsewhere in the developing world.Yayın Social exclusion of women refugees in public imagination: underrepresentation and depersonalisation(Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi, 2022-12-31) Pandır, MüzeyyenThis paper studies the news images of Syrian women refugees and the representational practices employed in them to question how these portraying practices position women refugees, and how they actually act as ways of socially excluding them in the host community. Analysed are the newspaper photographs of Syrian women refugees published in top-selling four Turkish newspapers in 2015. Using a content analysis fed by visual analysis, the ways of visually portraying women refugees is studied by investigating the representational elements and practices in the images, which are subject, theme, camera distance, camera angle and location. The findings reveal that Syrian women refugees are underrepresented and in the rare cases of their appearance, the way they are portrayed position them as distant, passive and depersonalised subjects as part of the masses. The underrepresentation and depersonalisation of women refugees, who are among the vulnerable women group 1) erase the individual life stories and varied lived experiences of women refugees from public imagination and deny the female refugee agency, 2) prevent the emergence of the public talk on the women refugee problems, which in turn 3) prevent the formation of a social understanding and empathy towards women refugees. Thus, it is argued that the ways in which Syrian women refugees are portrayed in the media act as barriers for their social inclusion.Yayın Media portrayals of refugees and their effects on social conflict and social cohesion(T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi, 2020) Pandır, MüzeyyenMedia portrayals of refugees can produce prejudice toward refugees as well as understanding and acceptance. In that sense, the media have the potential to be part of the problem or part of the solution in issues of conflict and cohesion between host and refugee communities. In this critical time when the future of Syrian refugees in Turkey is being discussed, this article reviews previous research on the media’s representation of refugees, identifies the dominant representational practices and discusses their effects on the inclusion and exclusion of refugees, which may lead to social cohesion or social conflict, respectively. The main body of the article first identifies the negative effects of refugee representations, namely victimization, depoliticization, dehumanization, marginalization, homogenization and deindividualization, and explains in what ways these representations stigmatize refugees as “other” in society and produce prejudice and xenophobia toward them. The article then turns to the representation strategies used to reduce prejudice and motivate understanding in society. Here, empathizing with refugees and taking a rights-based journalism approach are identified among the media’s inclusion practices toward refugees. Overall, specifically focusing on Syrians in Turkey, the paper aims to initiate a discussion on how the media can play a role in assisting the acceptance of refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants in a new country by raising awareness about the media’s representational practices.Yayın Stereotyping, Victimization and depoliticization in the representations of Syrian refugees(Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2019-06-26) Pandır, MüzeyyenThis paper studiesthe representational constructions of the image of Syrian refugee in newspaper photographs and discusses the processes in which the Syrian refugee is victimized, stereotyped and depoliticized through representation. It analyses Syrian refugee photographs published between 2011 and 2015 in five Turkish newspapers. Working within visual sociological and constructivist perspectives, and synthesizing content and visual analyses, the study first dwells upon the universal “ideal victim” profile mentioned in victimology studies, then reveals that the image of Syrian refugee is predominantly constructed as “victim” in the analyzed newspaper photographs. The study elaborates that refugees’ victimhood is represented through different themes of suffering, which appear around the themes of poverty, displacement, the need, and loss and pain. Then the victimization of the refugee is problematized and discussed under two main arguments. The first argument discusses that the prevalence of the victim discourse in Syrian refugee photographs is achieved through the technique of stereotyping, which reproduces the universal image of the refugee as weak and vulnerable, regardless of time and context. The second argument discusses that victimization works as a device for depoliticization, which imagines the refugee only as weak and powerless rather than a subject with political agency who produces action and results. The paper concludes that victimization and depoliticization produce a disparity between the lived experiences of the refugee (who has survived a war) and the representations of the refugee (who is a powerless war victim).Yayın A novel similarity based unsupervised technique for training convolutional filters(IEEE, 2023-05-17) Erkoç, Tuğba; Eskil, Mustata TanerAchieving satisfactory results with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) depends on how effectively the filters are trained. Conventionally, an appropriate number of filters is carefully selected, the filters are initialized with a proper initialization method and trained with backpropagation over several epochs. This training scheme requires a large labeled dataset, which is costly and time-consuming to obtain. In this study, we propose an unsupervised approach that extracts convolutional filters from a given dataset in a self-organized manner by processing the training set only once without using backpropagation training. The proposed method allows for the extraction of filters from a given dataset in the absence of labels. In contrast to previous studies, we no longer need to select the best number of filters and a suitable filter weight initialization scheme. Applying this method to the MNIST, EMNIST-Digits, Kuzushiji-MNIST, and Fashion-MNIST datasets yields high test performances of 99.19%, 99.39%, 95.03%, and 90.11%, respectively, without applying backpropagation training or using any preprocessed and augmented data.Yayın High precision LC ladder synthesis part I: Lowpass ladder synthesis via parametric approach(IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2013-08) Kılınç, Ali; Yarman, Bekir Sıddık BinboğaIn this paper, a novel, high precision lowpass LC ladder synthesis algorithm is presented. The new algorithm directly works on the driving point input immitance function which describes the lowpass LC ladder in resistive termination. The crux of the idea is that, at each step of the proposed method, a simple pole at infinity is removed then, the remaining immitance function is corrected using the parametric method. Parametric method warrants the exact lowpass LC ladder nature of the remaining immitance function. Thus, at the end of the synthesis process, a lowpass LC ladder is obtained with high numerical precision. Examples are presented to exhibit the implementation of the synthesis algorithm. A randomly generated driving point input immitance is synthesized with 19 elements yielding a relative error less than 10(-6). Furthermore, numerical robustness of the novel synthesis method is tested. Based on the tests, we can confidently state that, proposed synthesis algorithm can safely extract more than 40 elements from the original immitance function with a relative error less than 10(-2). Newly developed synthesis algorithm is coded on MatLab environment and it is successfully combined with the "Real Frequency-Direct Computational Technique" to construct practical impedance matching networks.Yayın Public service announcements about migrants: strategic constructions to reduce prejudice(Anadolu Üniversitesi, 2025-06-30) Pandır, MüzeyyenIn countries with large refugee and migrant populations, it is crucial to build good relations between the newcomers and the host communities. One method of increasing social acceptance and reducing prejudice is using media-based information and awareness-raising activities. !is study examines "ve public service announcement (PSA) "lms prepared by the Turkish Presidency of Migration Management between the years 2017-2021 to increase the social acceptance of migrants, and discusses their potential to reduce prejudice. !e PSAs are examined using a visual content analysis method focusing on the migrant pro"le, narrative structure, language and tone, emphasis on di#erence or similarity, representation of stereotypes, and narrator. !ree main "ndings emerged from the study: Firstly, the PSAs feature a theme of “Great Türkiye”, which emphasizes the greatness of Turkish history and assigns a responsibility to Turkish people to protect those in need, ultimately constructing a superiority over migrants. Secondly, PSAs present migrants in an ambivalent way as capable people contributing to the Turkish economy (visual) and as people in need of help (narrative). !irdly, PSAs use emotional language to deliver messages of understanding and benevolence. Overall, the study argues that PSAs strategically construct Turks as superior and portray migrants as ambivalent to reduce the perception of migrants as a competitive threat to Turks and with an emotional language they make the didactic messages seem less oppressive and patronizing. While these strategies may promote acceptance, their long-term impact is questionable if they are not supported by the teaching of values such as equality and respect.
