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Yayın Can money make us friends?: Islamist entrepreneurs and chances for democratization in the muslim world(2010-04-16) Demiralp, SedaIslamist movements have grown persistently in the last few decades and became major actors in the politics of various Muslim nations, receiving attention in numerous popular studies. Many of those studies, however, focus their attention solely on the religious agenda of these actors, despite the fact that economic interests are highly influential in shaping the agendas of them. In contrast to popular studies that focus on the “ideologues” in Islamist parties, this article emphasizes the role of “pragmatists,” especially Islamist businessmen in Islamist politics. By comparing and contrasting the transformation of Islamist parties and institutions in Turkey, Indonesia, and Sudan, this article suggests that contemporary Islamist movements in these countries are not solely concerned with “Islamizing the society” but often seek an economic mobilization against established economic elites and to transfer wealth to their constituencies. It then explores whether Islamist businessmen can serve as a moderating influence in Islamist politics and, if so, under what circumstances.Yayın Extreme right-wing parties and democracy : The effects of extreme right-wing parties on the politics of consolidated democracies(Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing, 2009-06-21) Celep, ÖdülThere is a widespread concern that the rise of the extreme right parties (ERPs) may disrupt democratic policies in consolidated democracies. The major source of this concern is ERPs' advocacy for authoritarian policies and their grievance about democratic institutions. This study investigates the urgency of this concern by focusing on the possible means by which ERPs are able to affect democratic politics. After determining ERPs and their comparative vote shares, this study examines the individual determinants of voting for them with respect to ideological affinity and political dissatisfaction. The evidence casts doubt on influence through actual or potential vote strength. Therefore the study raises the following question: Is the absence of vote support in many countries a consequence of the established parties having preempted or accommodated the ERPs' appeal by embracing their political demands? The empirical results demonstrate that several established parties have indeed moved rightwards in the last thirty years in a total of 19 consolidated democracies. Therefore, the real threat to democracy has come from the established parties rather than ERPs.Yayın Andijon'da Nima Bo'ldi? Özbekistan'da terör, güvenlik ve demokrasi(2008) Bıçakcı, Ahmet Salih1991 yılında Sovyetler Birliği’nin çözülmesiyle birlikte Soğuk Savaş sona ermiş ve tüm Sovyet coğrafyasında olduğu gibi Orta Asya’da da yeni bağımsız devletler ortaya çıkmıştır. Yeni dönemde uluslararası sistemde güvenlik yaklaşımlarına artan terör eylemleri ve demokratikleşme süreçleri damgasını vurmuş, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ne yapılan 11 Eylül saldırıları da terör ve güvenlik kavramlarının farklı yorumlarını getirmiştir. Özbekistan da bu anlamda bir istisna teşkil etmeyen ülkeler arasında sayılabilir. Eski Sovyet kültürüne sahip liderler için çoğulculuk uygulamaları tahmin edilenden çok daha zor oldu. Andican’da 13 Mayıs 2005’te gerçekleşen olayların da gösterdiği üzere ülkeden ülkeye değişen güvenlik anlayışı Özbekistan için çoğu zaman iktidarı korumak olarak kurgulanmıştır. ABD’nin stratejik ortaklığını da meşruiyet unsuru olarak kullanan Özbekistan, muhalif güçleri ‘terörist’ diye tanımlamaktan çekinmemiş ve alınan güvenlik tedbirleri yeni düşmanlar yaratmıştır. Bu araştırmada Özbekistan’ın geçmişi de dikkate alınarak, ABD-Özbekistan ilişkileri bağlamında Andican olayları irdelenmektedir.Yayın When do workers support executive aggrandizement? Lessons from the recent Turkish experience(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-03) Apaydın, Fulya; Öngel, Ferit Serkan; Schmid, Jonas W.; Ülker, ErolFollowing the 2017 constitutional referendum under the Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi (Justice and Development Party-AKP) rule in Turkey, the reforms granted judicial and legislative powers to the head of the executive under a presidential system. Initial observations reveal that some blue-collar workers who are members of a historically progressive union have also supported these reforms. This is surprising because the union leadership has publicly opposed these changes. What explains this discrepancy? Why did some of these workers support reforms in favour of a powerful executive? Based on a sample from a major metalworking union, this paper finds that partisan identity moderates support for AKP's push for challenging the separation of powers. Although we find that higher amount of debt may reduce worker support for stronger executive, this is conditional on the metal workers' pre-existing partisan commitments. Under these circumstances, highly indebted partisan workers do not diverge from the party line. These results also raise further questions for students of labour and regime change elsewhere in the developing world.Yayın The internet and political participation : exploring the explanatory links(Sage Publications Ltd, 2005-12) Karakaya Polat, RabiaThere is a growing literature exploring the role of the Internet in influencing levels and styles of political participation. However, it is not yet clear why the Internet is perceived as a medium that can, at least potentially, increase participation. Moreover, putting the emphasis on the Internet as a technology rather than on its information and communication capabilities signals a tendency for technological determinism. In order to avoid this, the article explores the relation between the Internet and political participation by examining three different facets of the Internet: the Internet as an information source, as a communication medium and as a virtual public sphere. The main argument of the article is that it is these facets of the Internet that may affect levels and styles of political participation and hence are of interest for political scientists. The article also emphasizes the relevance of established theories of participation within political science in evaluating the potential role of the Internet for affecting levels and styles of political participation.Yayın The Arab Spring: On mass protests and political openings(Işık Üniversitesi, 2019-08-22) Bilgen, Merve; Demiralp Yılankaya, Seda; Işık Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Uluslararası İlişkiler Yüksek Lisans ProgramıDuring the past decade, public resistance increased against authoritarian regimes throughout the world from the Middle East to Europe and the United States. These large-scale protests have shown that popular uprisings can overthrow autocratic leaders. The aim of this thesis is explaining how leaders react when they face a popular uprising (mass protest). In case of a demonstration, do leaders respond with democratic opening or repression? This thesis analyzes the reason why authoritarian leaders of Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Syria reacted differently to similar uprisings and experienced different transitional outcomes on the way to democracy following the Arab uprisings in 2011. More specifically, this thesis analyzes how leaders responded to the uprisings in the Arab countries through the Arab Spring with the goal of contributing to general theories that aim to predict leader behavior (such as embracing a democratic speech vs. using police pressure and the approach of military) in response to mass protests. The thesis argues that leaders’ initial speeches can predict post-movement political environment. When leaders adopt a moderate speech and police violence against protestors is low, then there is more chance for peaceful change through a democratic election.Yayın The 2007 Parliamentary elections in Turkey: Between securitisation and desecuritisation(Oxford Univ Press, 2009-01) Karakaya Polat, RabiaOn 22 July 2007, 84% of the Turkish public went to polling stations to cast their votes in General Election. The incumbent Justice and Development Party (AKP) won a landslide victory, receiving 47% of the vote, the largest share since the elections of 1957. The political debate before the elections focused on two issues: the election of the next president and a potential military incursion into Northern Iraq. These issues have become deeply ingrained into the two main ongoing salient issues in Turkey: political Islam and the Kurdish issue. Drawing upon concepts from Securitisation Theory, this article argues that the election results can be explained by reference to Turkey's longstanding regime problems and the perceptions of these problems by the public. An analysis of the securitisation and desecuritisation of political Islam and the Kurdish issue provides insights into the understanding of the election results and its implications for the future of democracy in Turkey.Yayın Governance, institutions, and economic performance: a comparative study of Singapore and South Sudan(Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Derneği, 2024-12-31) Parlak, Fatmanur; Aktaş, AlperenThe ongoing debate between democratic and nondemocratic systems has gained significant attention in contemporary political discourse. With the rise of authoritarian regimes, the long-standing assumption that democratic principles are prerequisites for economic development has been increasingly challenged. While some authoritarian regimes, such as China and Singapore, have demonstrated notable economic successes, others, like South Sudan, face persistent economic struggles. This divergence raises critical questions about the relationship between governance systems and economic outcomes. This study aims to address the following research question: How do governance structures, institutional capacities, and historical contexts influence economic development in authoritarian regimes? By employing the Most Similar Systems Design (MSSD), the study compares two contrasting authoritarian regimes: Singapore, an economically successful case, and South Sudan, an economically struggling one. The research incorporates a structural-historical approach to examine the factors that differentiate their economic trajectories, such as institutional efficiency, historical legacy, and policy decisions. The findings of this study contribute to the broader literature on authoritarianism and development by offering a nuanced understanding of how governance systems shape economic performance. In doing so, it challenges simplistic assumptions about authoritarian governance and highlights the complexities underlying economic success and failure.Yayın Tunisia during the Arab Spring : military neutrality and its reflection on the public opinion(Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2024-05-16) El Makrini, Tarik; Demiralp, Seda; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü Uluslararası İlişkiler Yüksek Lisans Programı; Işık University, School of Graduate Studies, Master’s Program in International RelationsThis thesis examines the role of military neutrality in Tunisia during the Arab Spring, focusing on the coup-proofing strategies implemented by Presidents Habib Bourguiba and Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. The research challenges the prevailing explanations of military neutrality primarily based on professionalism and institutionalization, arguing that deliberate political marginalization, downsizing, and budget reductions played a significant role. Through a detailed historical analysis of civil-military relations during Bourguiba’s and Ben Ali’s regimes, the study demonstrates how these leaders systematically marginalized the military to prevent coups. The Barakat Sahil affair, a pivotal event involving the torture and marginalization of military officers, further deepened the resentment within the TAF, influencing their neutral stance during the Arab Spring. Additionally, data from the WVS reveals high public trust in the military post-Arab Spring and strong advocacy for its withdrawal from political affairs. This thesis provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors that shaped the TAF’s behavior, emphasizing the importance of historical and institutional contexts in analyzing military responses to political crises. The findings offer valuable insights into the role of coup-proofing strategies in maintaining military neutrality and facilitating democratic transitions in transitional societies.
