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Yayın Evolutionary route to diploidy and sex(National Academy of Sciences, 2001-11-20) Tüzel, Erkan; Sevim, Volkan; Erzan, AyşeBy using a bit-string model of evolution, we find a successful route to diploidy and sex in simple organisms. Allowing the sexually reproducing diploid individuals to also perform mitosis, as they do in a haploid-diploid cycle, leads to the complete takeover of the population by sexual diploids. This mechanism is so robust that even the accidental conversion and pairing of only two diploids give rise to a sexual population.Yayın Strategies for the evolution of sex(American Physical Soc, One Physics Ellipse, 2001-12) Tüzel, Erkan; Sevim, Volkan; Erzan, AyşeWe find that the hypothesis made by Jan, Stauffer, and Moseley [Theory Biosci. 119, 166 (2000)] for the evolution of sex, namely, a strategy devised to escape extinction due to too many deleterious mutations, is sufficient but not necessary for the successful evolution of a steady state population of sexual individuals within a finite population. Simply allowing for a finite probability for conversion to sex in each generation also gives rise to a stable sexual population, in the presence of an upper limit on the number of deleterious mutations per individual. For large values of this probability, we find a phase transition to an intermittent, multistable regime. On the other hand, in the limit of extremely slow drive. another transition takes place to a different steady state distribution. with fewer deleterious mutations within the population.Yayın Anthropologies of men, masculinities, and reproduction(Wiley, 2023-09-21) Wentzell, Emily; Erol, Maral; Açıksöz, Salih CanIn this chapter, the authors give an overview of key findings from the English language research on men, masculinities and reproduction in sociocultural anthropology and allied fields. This research spans the globe and the range of men's reproduction-related experience. Yet, it coheres around a set of three key theoretical approaches that are also fundamental to contemporary anthropological thinking more broadly. The authors review the ways that researchers have used these shared theoretical approaches to elucidate certain topics within the arena of men and reproduction: men's gendered experiences as fathers and parents (with a subsection that focuses on the burgeoning literature on gay and trans experiences); of infertility and artificial reproduction technologies (including intersections with the literature on disability); with birth control (specifically vasectomy, condoms, and abortion); and of male sexual/reproductive aging.
