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Yayın Investment behaviour and risk perception: an analysis for Turkish market(PressAcademia, 2023-07-30) Teker, Dilek; Teker, Suat; Demirel, EsinPurpose- The cognitive comprehension of financial indicators, risk aversion, risk perception, and investment behavior is defined as financial literacy. It's possible that a variety of characteristics, such as gender, age, income level, social standing, education, etc., will affect an investor's behavior. The purpose of this study is to highlight the behavior of investors in Turkish capital markets. The analysis is done on the results of two surveys, the first conducted in the fourth quarter of 2022 and the second in the first quarter of 2023. Methodology- This study's objective is to highlight investor behavior and risk perception in Turkish financial markets. In the most recent two consecutive quarters, the results of two surveys are analyzed and compared. Three sections comprise the surveys. A demographic question is asked in the first section. The second section asks questions concerning investment behavior, signs of financial stress, and confidence in regard to one's financial literacy. The final aspect contributes to the analysis of what people think of the Bitcoin market. In this study, Graphic analysis, Cronbach Alpha, Normality, and Mann-Whitney U tests are performed, respectively. First, the graphical analysis of the selected questions is made. Based on these graphs, the similarities and differences between the surveys are shown. Second, The reliability test is applied to the selected questions for the statistical modeling of the analysis. This test is determined as the Cronbach Alpha test. Third, the Normality test is applied to reveal which test to use in the next step. Two different tests are used for this analysis. These are the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Fourth, the Mann-Whitney U test is applied. At this stage, firstly, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon W test statistics are examined. The ranks are calculated for each variable. Finally, the Mann-Whitney U test is applied, and the results are interpreted. Fifth, The results of the two surveys are compared. Findings- The findings show both similarities and differences among numerous variables. For instance, holding time is defined as the amount of time an investor holds an investment or as the time between purchasing it and selling it. Investors' risk aversion and financial literacy both influence the holding period. Riskier assets force investors to adjust their purchase or sell actions dynamically. The results show various portfolio diversification behaviours. While men prefer to start with foreign currency investments, women are more interested in making gold investments. Also, middle-aged investors invest more in cryptocurrencies and take more risks than younger investors. Conclusion- based upon the analysis, findings it may be concluded that respondents do differ in their investment preferences and risk-taking over the years. The findings show various portfolio diversification behaviors. While men prefer to invest in foreign currency, women are more interested in purchasing gold.Yayın Mental accounting and risk perception in the context of behavioral finance: an empiral evidence in Marmara University(Marmara Üniversitesi, 2019-06-30) Ulusan Polat, Meltem; Polat, LeventWith the prevalence of behavioral approaches to the consumption – and investment-based decisions of individuals, the mental coding of gains and losses employing the value function of prospect theory has been studied intensively by Thaler (2008), focusing on the process of mental accounting, the set of cognitive operations used by individuals and households to organize, evaluate, and keep track of financial activities. This study analyzes the behaviors of academicians in context of mental accounting and risk-based components. The sampling frame comprises academicians from the Faculty of Business Administration at Marmara University, Istanbul, and the findings show that mental accounting does, indeed, an impact on risk perception. However, the risk perceptions of academicians in terms of financial instruments differ with respect to demographic variables.Yayın Gender differences in risk perception and investment behavior(PressAcademia, 2023-02-01) Teker, Dilek; Teker, Suat; Demirel, EsinPurpose- Gender differences in investment behavior have been reported by various studies. Behavioral investing seeks to bridge the gap between psychology and investing. Behavioral finance is becoming more predominant in the financial and investment industry. The general concept of behavioral finance suggests that investors do not necessarily make rational investment decisions. Many results of behavioral finance studies show that men and women have different strengths and weaknesses in terms of skills required for investment management. This study focuses on the role of gender in risk perception and investment behavior, with a sample size of 288 respondents. In other words, the aim of the research is to reveal whether there is a difference in investment preferences between men and women. It is investigated whether the gender factor affects investment decision-making behavior. Using an experimental finance approach, the relationship between gender diversity and investment decisions is examined. Methodology- This study focuses on the role of gender in risk perception and investment behavior, with a sample size of 288 respondents. Gender differences in investment behavior have been reported by various studies. Behavioral investing seeks to bridge the gap between psychology and investing. Behavioral finance is becoming more predominant in the financial and investment industry. The general concept of behavioral finance suggests that investors do not necessarily make rational investment decisions. In accordance with the aim of the research, to reveal whether there is a difference in investment choices between men and women, the investment differences between the genders are shown using the graphic method in this study. Then, the normality test and Mann-Whitney U test were applied by using 288 respondents, respectively. Findings- According to the graphic method results it is found that women generally prefer to invest between 10% and 25% of their monthly income in financial markets. T cryptocurrency market is riskier than the stock market for both women and men. Women experience more stress than men at the thought of losing money because of their investment choices. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient for estimating the reliability of the scale employed for respondents’ investment preference was found to be 0.701. The results of data processing obtained by the value of the Kolmogorov-Simirnov significant which means the data were not normally distributed residuals. According to Mann-Whitney U test results, it is underlined that the gender factor differs according to the following variables based on 95% significance level: Conclusion- Survey with different aspects of questions focus on investors’ risk perception. “How often do you check your investments?”; “What is your approximate holding time of an investment instrument?”; “What percentage of your monthly income would you prefer to invest in financial markets?”; “The thought of losing money because of my investment choices is stressed me out”; “Have you ever invested in Cryptocurrencies?”; “What is the most suitable option for your knowledge of the cryptocurrency market?”. It is concluded that there is a significant difference between gender and investment preference.Yayın Kişilik özellikleri ve risk algısının motosiklet kullanım tarzı ile ilişkisi(Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2021-03-31) Alavcı, Tansu; Gümüş, Gizem; Tekin, M. Ehil; Tekeş, Burcu; Üzümcüoğlu, YeşimMotosiklet sürücülerinin kişilik özellikleri ve risk algıları ile motosiklet kullanım tarzları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanan bu çalışma alanyazındaki ilk araştırma niteliğini taşımaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklemini 17-58 yaş aralığındaki motosiklet ehliyeti olan 201 erkek katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada Temel Kişilik Özellikleri Envanteri, Risk Algısı Ölçeği ve Motosiklet Kullanım Tarzı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Yapılan hiyerarşik regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, hız ihlali kişilik özelliklerinin alt boyutlarından olan duygusal tutarsızlık ve olumsuz değerlik ile pozitif yönde ilişkiliyken; risk algısı ile negatif yönde ilişkili bulunmuştur. Dışadönüklük ile motor kontrol hataları arasında pozitif yönde ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Uyumluluk ve duygusal tutarsızlık boyutlarının motor kontrol hataları ile negatif yönde ilişkili olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Sorumluluk ve risk algısının akrobasi ile arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Olumsuz değerlik ile trafik hataları boyutu arasında pozitif yönde ilişki olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Bu çalışma risk algısının, kişilik özellikleri ile birlikte incelendiğinde de motosiklet kullanım tarzı ile ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgular doğrultusunda kişilik özellikleri arasındaki farklılıklar göz önünde bulundurularak ehliyet kursu eğitimleri için farklı yöntemler geliştirilmesi ve yol güvenliğine olumlu katkı sağlaması amaçlanmaktadır.Yayın Gender difference in risk and confidence perception: implementation with logit model(Suat Teker, 2024-12-31) Teker, Dilek; Teker, Suat; Demirci, BeydaPurpose - This study aims to understand individuals’ behaviors and perceptions regarding investment preferences. Specifically, it examines the differences in investors’ perceptions of “concerns about losing money due to investment decisions” and “confidence in their knowledge of portfolio creation and management” based on the gender variable. Methodology - The study utilizes survey data from 69 participants (29 female and 40 male). It employslogit models to analyze two dependent variables: (1) the stress level due to concerns about investment decisions and (2) confidence in portfolio management and financial knowledge. Gender is the key independent variable, with marginal effects calculated for unambiguous interpretation. Findings - The results indicate that gender has a statistically significant impact on both stress and confidence levels. Women are 21.2% more likely than malesto experience stress due to concerns about investment decisions. Conversely, females are 18.5% less likely to feel confident about their financial knowledge and portfolio management abilities than males. These findings reflect the gender-based differences in risk perception and confidence. Conclusion -The study highlights the critical role of gender in shaping investment behaviors. Women tend to exhibit higher risk aversion and lower financial confidence than men. To address this disparity, targeted financial education programs and awareness initiatives are recommended to enhance women’s financial literacy and confidence. Bridging this gap can contribute to improved financial participation and decision-making among women.Yayın A metric-driven IT risk scoring framework: incorporating contextual and organizational factors(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025-09-24) Ünal, Nezih Mahmut; Çeliktaş, BarışRisk analysis is a critical process for organizations seeking to manage their cybersecurity posture effectively. However, traditional risk analysis frameworks, such as the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), primarily evaluate technical impacts without incorporating organizational context and dynamic risk factors. This paper presents a metric-based risk analysis framework designed to provide a more adaptable and context-aware risk-scoring framework. The proposed model enables risk owners to define customized threat scenarios and dynamically adjust metric weights based on organizational needs. Unlike traditional approaches, our method integrates contextual parameters to improve the accuracy and relevance of risk calculations. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the proposed framework enhances risk prioritization and provides more actionable insights for decision-makers. This study contributes to the field by addressing the limitations of existing risk analysis models and offering a systematic approach for cybersecurity risk management.Yayın The investor behaviour, risk perception and expectations on cryptocurrency markets(Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development, 2023-12-15) Teker, Dilek; Teker, Suat; Demirel, EsinThe financial sector, which has sparked increasing organizational and scientific interest in recent years, plays a vital rolein the Turkish economy. After enduring multiple economic downturns, consumers have become more cautious when considering financial investments, making it challenging for financial institutions to formulate effective marketing strategies. This study aims to shed light on investor behavior in Tukish markets. The results of two surveys are examined: the first conducted in the final quarter of 2022, and the second in the first quarter of 2023. This article delves into various variables, including stress levels, portfolio holding times, investment choices, and attention to cryptocurrency markets. The methodology employs the Mann-Whitney U test, Cronbach's Alpha, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Shapiro-Wilk normality tests. The findings from the two surveys are compared. Based on the analysis results, it can be inferred that respondents' investment preferences and risk tolerance have evolved over time. The results demonstrate a spectrum of portfolio diversification tendencies.
