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Yayın Evaluating the English-Turkish parallel treebank for machine translation(TÜBİTAK, 2022-01-19) Görgün, Onur; Yıldız, Olcay TanerThis study extends our initial efforts in building an English-Turkish parallel treebank corpus for statistical machine translation tasks. We manually generated parallel trees for about 17K sentences selected from the Penn Treebank corpus. English sentences vary in length: 15 to 50 tokens including punctuation. We constrained the translation of trees by (i) reordering of leaf nodes based on suffixation rules in Turkish, and (ii) gloss replacement. We aim to mimic human annotator's behavior in real translation task. In order to fill the morphological and syntactic gap between languages, we do morphological annotation and disambiguation. We also apply our heuristics by creating Nokia English-Turkish Treebank (NTB) to address technical document translation tasks. NTB also includes 8.3K sentences in varying lengths. We validate the corpus both extrinsically and intrinsically, and report our evaluation results regarding perplexity analysis and translation task results. Results prove that our heuristics yield promising results in terms of perplexity and are suitable for translation tasks in terms of BLEU scores.Yayın Constructing a Turkish-English parallel treebank(Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2014) Yıldız, Olcay Taner; Solak, Ercan; Görgün, Onur; Ehsani, RaziehIn this paper, we report our preliminary efforts in building an English-Turkish parallel treebank corpus for statistical machine translation. In the corpus, we manually generated parallel trees for about 5,000 sentences from Penn Treebank. English sentences in our set have a maximum of 15 tokens, including punctuation. We constrained the translated trees to the reordering of the children and the replacement of the leaf nodes with appropriate glosses. We also report the tools that we built and used in our tree translation task.Yayın English to Turkish machine translation using synchronous grammars(Işık Üniversitesi, 2022-06-14) Görgün, Onur; Tüysüz Erman, Ayşegül; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Doktora ProgramıMachine translation (MT) has been one of the hot topics in NLP research over recent years. However, most of the related studies have been done for specific languages, and there are a limited number of comprehensive studies for languages with free word order, such as Turkish. English-Turkish is also one of the least frequently studied language pairs in translation due to the morphological and syntactic gaps between the two languages. This also makes it hard to build parallel corpora, which is crucial for the machine translation task. This thesis aims to be the first statistical syntax tree-based machine translation approach to the English-Turkish language pair, as well as a parallel corpus for translation tasks. We construct an English-Turkish parallel treebank of approximately 17K sentences by following a three-phased approach: manual transformation of English trees from Penn Treebank (PTB) by constraining the translated trees to the reordering of the children and gloss replacement; morphological analysis of the translated gloss; and morphological enrichment of the target tree. For translation consistency, we also developed a set of tools. We also apply the transformation schema to the closed-domain and build 8.3K sentences corpus. We employ both corpora on machine translation task. In our experiments, we obtained a 12.8 BLEU score in the open-domain and a 26.8 BLEU score in the closed-domain. We also evaluate both corpora intrinsically through perplexity analysis. The results show that our studies on making a corpus can be repeated, and studies on machine translation using the small corpus look promising.
