Cognitive reserve and aging: impacts on theory of mind and executive functions

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dc.authorid0000-0002-7576-8212
dc.authorid0000-0002-5754-6042
dc.authorid0000-0003-3445-9197
dc.contributor.authorŞandor, Serraen_US
dc.contributor.authorHıdıroğlu Ongun, Cerenen_US
dc.contributor.authorYıldırım, Elifen_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-28T11:02:50Z
dc.date.available2025-08-28T11:02:50Z
dc.date.issued2025-03
dc.departmentIşık Üniversitesi, İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümüen_US
dc.departmentIşık University, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Department of Psychologyen_US
dc.description.abstractAim: This study examines the effects of cognitive reserve (CR) on Executive Functions (EF) and Theory of Mind (ToM). While CR is suggested to mitigate age-related cognitive decline, its relationship with social cognition remains limited and inconsistent in the literature. It was hypothesized that the effect of CR on ToM might be indirect, mediated by EF and working memory. Methods: 225 cognitively healthy participants were included. CR was measured with the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire, EF with verbal fluency and the Stroop Test, and WM using digit span tasks. Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the relationships among CR, EF, WM, and SC, controlling for age and gender. Results: CR was significantly associated with both RMET and FPRT performances. Mediation analysis revealed the direct effects of CR on RMET performance, while the effects on FPRT performance were mediated by executive functions. WM had a partial mediating effect on EF and ToM, but did not directly influence FPRT. Education was most strongly associated with RMET performance, while leisure activities were linked to FPRT performance. Conclusion: These findings suggest that CR indirectly supports ToM by enhancing EF and highlight the importance of interventions aimed at strengthening executive control to support social cognition in aging.en_US
dc.description.versionPublisher's Versionen_US
dc.identifier.citationŞandor, S., Hıdıroğlu Ongun, C. & Yıldırım, E. (2025). Cognitive reserve and aging: impacts on theory of mind and executive functions. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2480710en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/23279095.2025.2480710
dc.identifier.endpage11
dc.identifier.issn2327-9095
dc.identifier.issn2327-9109
dc.identifier.pmid40122060
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105000729979
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11729/6674
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2480710
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001451053600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)en_US
dc.institutionauthorYıldırım, Elifen_US
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0003-3445-9197
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.peerreviewedYesen_US
dc.publicationstatusPublisheden_US
dc.publisherRoutledgeen_US
dc.relation.ispartofApplied Neuropsychology: Adulten_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectAgingen_US
dc.subjectCognitive reserveen_US
dc.subjectExecutive functionsen_US
dc.subjectSocial cognitionen_US
dc.subjectTheory of minden_US
dc.subjectLong-term-memoryen_US
dc.subjectSocial cognitionen_US
dc.subjectIndividual-differencesen_US
dc.subjectPrefrontal cortexen_US
dc.subjectAsperger-syndromeen_US
dc.subjectAge-differencesen_US
dc.subjectRecognitionen_US
dc.subjectPerformanceen_US
dc.subjectDeclineen_US
dc.subjectAdultsen_US
dc.titleCognitive reserve and aging: impacts on theory of mind and executive functionsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublicationen_US

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