Treatment and long-term outcome of mental disorders: The grim picture from a quasi-epidemiological investigation in 54,826 subjects from 40 countries

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dc.authorid0000-0001-5503-0811
dc.authorid0000-0002-7745-0072
dc.authorid0000-0003-4106-218X
dc.authorid0000-0001-5789-4795
dc.authorid0000-0002-8232-9744
dc.authorid0000-0002-5554-6946
dc.authorid0000-0002-6009-1085
dc.contributor.authorFountoulakis, Konstantinos N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKarakatsoulis, Gregoryen_US
dc.contributor.authorAbraham, Serien_US
dc.contributor.authorAdorjan, Kristinaen_US
dc.contributor.authorUddin Ahmed, Helalen_US
dc.contributor.authorAlarcòn, Renato Danielen_US
dc.contributor.authorArai, Kiyomien_US
dc.contributor.authorAuwal, Sani Salihuen_US
dc.contributor.authorBerk, Michaelen_US
dc.contributor.authorLevaj, Sarahen_US
dc.contributor.authorYılmaz Kafalı, Helinen_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-28T08:08:20Z
dc.date.available2025-08-28T08:08:20Z
dc.date.issued2025-06
dc.departmentIşık Üniversitesi, İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümüen_US
dc.departmentIşık University, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Department of Psychologyen_US
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: This study registered rates of specific treatment options for mental disorders as well as their long-term outcome. Material and methods: The history of mental disorders was used as a proxy for diagnosis. The data came from the COMET-G study (40 countries; 54,826 subjects, 64.73 % females, 35.45±13.51 years old). The analysis included descriptive statistics, Risk Ratios, t-tests, and ANCOVA's. Results: 24.14 % reported a history of any mental disorder (depression >12 %, non-affective psychosis and Bipolar disorder 1 % each, >20 % self-injury, >10 % had attempted suicide, 7.17 % illegal substance abuse). Most patients were not under any kind of treatment (59.44 %) and most were not receiving treatment as recommended (e.g. 90 % of Bipolar and 2/3 of psychotic patients). No treatment at all and psychotherapy as monotherapy were consistently related to poorer outcomes. In anxiety or depression, only antidepressant monotherapy and benzodiazepines, in Bipolar disorder only antipsychotic monotherapy in males and antidepressant monotherapy in females and in non-affective psychosis antipsychotics and psychotherapy in females only, were related to good outcomes. No treatment modality was related to a good outcome in those with a history of self-harm, suicidal attempts, or illegal substance use. Only depression and treatment with antidepressants were related to metabolic syndrome. Discussion: In the community, the overwhelming majority of mental patients do not receive appropriate treatment or, even worse, no treatment at all. The outcome is unfavourable for the majority and only a few selective treatment options seem to make a difference.en_US
dc.description.versionPublisher's Versionen_US
dc.identifier.citationFountoulakis, K. N., Karakatsoulis, G., Abraham, S., Adorjan, K., Uddin Ahmed, H., Alarcòn, R. D., Arai, K., Auwal, S. S., Berk, M., Levaj, S. & Yılmaz Kafalı, H. (2025). Treatment and long-term outcome of mental disorders: The grim picture from a quasi-epidemiological investigation in 54,826 subjects from 40 countries. Psychiatry Research, 348, 1-17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116459en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116459
dc.identifier.endpage17
dc.identifier.issn0165-1781
dc.identifier.issn1872-7123
dc.identifier.pmid40179636
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105001588925
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11729/6671
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116459
dc.identifier.volume348
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001498426900001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScience Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakSocial Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)en_US
dc.institutionauthorYılmaz Kafalı, Helinen_US
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-6009-1085
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.peerreviewedYesen_US
dc.publicationstatusPublisheden_US
dc.publisherElsevier Ireland Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofPsychiatry Researchen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectDisabilityen_US
dc.subjectEpidemiologyen_US
dc.subjectMental healthen_US
dc.subjectMetabolic syndromeen_US
dc.subjectOutcomesen_US
dc.subjectPsychiatryen_US
dc.subjectTreatmenten_US
dc.subjectAdolescenten_US
dc.subjectAdulten_US
dc.subjectFemaleen_US
dc.subjectHumansen_US
dc.subjectMaleen_US
dc.subjectMental disordersen_US
dc.subjectMiddle ageden_US
dc.subjectPsychotherapyen_US
dc.subjectTreatment outcomeen_US
dc.subjectYoung adulten_US
dc.subjectNeuroleptic agenten_US
dc.subjectAgeden_US
dc.subjectAnxietyen_US
dc.subjectAnxiety disorderen_US
dc.subjectBipolar disorderen_US
dc.subjectBody massen_US
dc.subjectControlled studyen_US
dc.subjectDepressionen_US
dc.subjectDiabetes mellitusen_US
dc.subjectFollow upen_US
dc.subjectHistogramen_US
dc.subjectHypertensionen_US
dc.subjectLong term outcomeen_US
dc.subjectMajor clinical studyen_US
dc.subjectMental diseaseen_US
dc.subjectMetabolic syndrome Xen_US
dc.subjectMonotherapyen_US
dc.subjectOutcome assessmenten_US
dc.subjectPhysical activityen_US
dc.subjectPost hoc analysisen_US
dc.subjectPsychosisen_US
dc.subjectSchizophreniaen_US
dc.subjectSuicideen_US
dc.subjectTherapyen_US
dc.titleTreatment and long-term outcome of mental disorders: The grim picture from a quasi-epidemiological investigation in 54,826 subjects from 40 countriesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublicationen_US

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