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Yayın An investigation of affective theory of mind ability and its relation to neuropsychological functions in Alzheimer's disease(John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 2020-09) Yıldırım, Elif; Soncu Büyükişcan, Ezgi; Demirtaş Tatlıdede, Aslı; Bilgiç, Başar; Gürvit, İbrahim HakanAlthough cognitive theory of mind (ToM) has been largely studied within neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), studies focusing on affective ToM are relatively limited, yielding inconsistent findings. The current study aimed at investigating affective ToM abilities within different stages of AD (mild AD dementia [ADD], mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and subjective cognitive impairment [SCI]), together with its relationship with neuropsychological functioning. Eighty-one participants were tested with two different ToM tasks (Faux Pas Recognition Test [FPR] and Reading Mind in the Eyes Test [RMET]) and tests of attention, executive functions, episodic memory, and facial recognition. Our results showed two different affective ToM profiles in AD continuum: while ADD group performed poorly on both tasks of ToM, MCI group displayed deteriorated performance on RMET but not on FPR. In addition, ToM performance was significantly related to episodic memory and verbal fluency within the overall sample. These findings suggest that impairment in the decoding process of emotional cues could begin even in the prodromal stage of AD. In contrast, the reasoning process of emotional information, as measured with FPR, could be preserved until the dementia stage. Moreover, the relation of affective ToM with amnestic functions and verbal abilities could provide evidence of a domain-general ToM impairment in AD.Yayın Çocukluk çağı amnezisi: Hatırlanan ilk çocukluk anısı yaşı ile ilişkili faktörler(İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2018) Yıldırım, Elif; Büyükişcan, Ezgi Soncu; Çolak, Merve; Akpınar, Sümeyye; Altan, BusenurÇocukluk amnezisi, gelişimin erken evrelerinde üretilen otobiyografik anıların yetişkinlik döneminde tam olarak hatırlanamaması olarak tanımlanan bir durumdur. Genel olarak hatırlanan ilk anıların ortalama 3- 4 yaşa ait olduğu kabul edilse de, ilk çocukluk anısının ait olduğu yaş tartışmalıdır. Bu çalışmada genç yetişkinlerde hatırlanan ilk çocukluk anısına ait yaşın belirlenmesi ve cinsiyet, anıya ilişkin faktörler, bağlanma stilleri ve çocukluk çağı travmatik olaylarının anı yaşı üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya 137 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Katılımcılardan hatırladıkları ilk anıyı yazmaları ve anının yaşı ile sıradanlık düzeyi, netliği, emosyonel yoğunluğu, bütünlüğü gibi anı özelliklerini değerlendiren anketi doldurmaları istenmiştir. Buna ek olarak katılımcıların erken travmatik deneyimleri ve bağlanma stilleri de değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcıların hatırladıkları ilk çocukluk anısına ait yaşın 24 ve 95 ay arasında değiştiği ve ortalamanın 52.44 (SS = 16.77) ay olduğu bulunmuştur. Kadın katılımcılarda ilk anı yaşının erkek katılımcılara kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde daha düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Cinsiyete ek olarak, çocukluk çağında yaşanan ebeveynler arasındaki ilişkiye dair travmatik olayların varlığı ilk anı yaşı ile ilişkili bir diğer faktör olarak ön plana çıkmıştır. Çocukluk çağı amnezisi otobiyografik belleğin ortaya çıkışının bir işareti olarak düşünülmektedir. Bulgular cinsiyet gibi bireysel özelliklere ek olarak erken çocukluk çağı deneyimlerinin çocukluk çağı amnezisi ile ilişkili olduğunu öne sürmektedir.Yayın Alzheimer hastalığında olağan durum ağı bağlantısallığı(Türkiye Sinir Ve Ruh Sağlığı Derneği, 2019-12) Yıldırım, Elif; Soncu Büyükişcan, EzgiAmaç: Alzheimer hastalığı (AH) beyinde yapısal ve işlevsel değişimler meydana getiren nörodejeneratif bir hastalıktır. Gelişen beyin görüntüleme yöntemleri sayesinde AH patolojisine eşlik eden yapısal ve işlevsel bağlantılardaki bozulmalar gitgide daha görünür hale gelmiştir. AH’de dinlenim durumu bağlantısallığında, özellikle de olağan durum ağı (default mode network - DMN) olarak adlandırılan içsel bağlantısallık ağında farklılaşmalar görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada DMN bağlantısallık bulgularının incelenmesi ve tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: İşlevsel manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (fMRI) çalışmalarında en yaygın kullanılan 2 temel metodoloji (tohum temelli ve bağımsız bileşen analizi) temel alınarak alanda yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmalar genel olarak, DMN bağlantısallığının AH süreci boyunca ilerleyici bir şekilde bozulduğunu göstermektedir. DMN alt sistemlerinin AH’nin preklinik ve prodromal evrelerinde farklı bağlantısallık örüntüleri gösterdiği de belirtilmektedir. DMN’deki bozulmanın diğer bağlantısallık ağlarındaki farklılaşma ile ilişkili olabileceğini öne süren kanıtlar da mevcuttur. Buna ek olarak, bulgular DMN’nin AH ile ilişkili nöropatoloji ve genetik risk faktörleri ile olan ilişkisine de işaret etmektedir. Sonuç: AH’nin beyinde başta DMN olmak üzere diğer dinlenim durumu ağlarında işlevsel bozulmalara yol açan yaygın bir diskonneksiyon sendromu olduğu öne sürülebilir. Buna ek olarak, preklinik vakalarda ve risk taşıyan kişilerde de saptanabilen AH ile ilişkili işlevsel bağlantısallık değişimleri AH için muhtemel bir biyo-belirteç olabilir.Yayın White-matter changes in early and late stages of mild cognitive impairment(Churchill Livingstone, 2020-08) Femir Gürtuna, Banu; Kurt, Elif; Ulaşoğlu Yıldız, Çiğdem; Bayram, Ali; Yıldırım, Elif; Soncu Büyükişcan, Ezgi; Bilgiç, BaşarMild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is characterized by cognitive deficits that exceed age-related decline, but not interfering with daily living activities. Amnestic type of the disorder (aMCI) is known to have a high risk to progress to Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the most common type of dementia. Identification of very early structural changes in the brain related to the cognitive decline in MCI patients would further contribute to the understanding of the dementias. In the current study, we target to investigate whether the white-matter changes are related to structural changes, as well as the cognitive performance of MCI patients. Forty-nine MCI patients were classified as Early MCI (E-MCI, n = 24) and Late MCI (L-MCI, n = 25) due to their performance on The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT). Age-Related White-Matter Changes (ARWMC) scale was used to evaluate the white-matter changes in the brain. Volumes of specific brain regions were calculated with the FreeSurfer program. Both group and correlation analyses were conducted to show if there was any association between white-matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and structural changes and cognitive performance. Our results indicate that, L-MCI patients had significantly more WMHs not in all but only in the frontal regions compared to E-MCI patients. Besides, ARWMC scores were not correlated with total hippocampal and white-matter volumes. It can be concluded that WMHs play an important role in MCI and cognitive functions are affected by white-matter changes of MCI patients, especially in the frontal regions.Yayın Decision-making and impulse-control disorders in parkinson’s disease: Influence of dopaminergic treatment(AVES, 2020-05-08) Yıldırım, Elif; Altınayar, Sibel; Çakmur, RaifObjective: Dopaminergic treatment is proved to ameliorate motor deficits in Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, it could have negative effects on behavior and cognition, including impulse controlling and decision-making. We aimed (1) to investigate the decision-making and impulse-control disorders (ICDs) of PD patients and their correlations with sociodemographical and clinical variables, dopaminergic treatment in particular, and (2) to determine the relation of decision-making with ICDs. Methods: The sample of 39 patients with PD and 37 healthy controls underwent cognitive tests and the task which analyzed decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task [IGT]). Besides assessing motor and nonmotor symptoms of patients with PD, ICDs were also scanned using the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease. Results: Although patients with PD performed similarly to healthy controls on IGT, decision-making profile in PD related to clinical variables: dopaminergic treatment and duration of illness. In addition to this younger age of onset, higher dose of dopamine agonists, longer duration of illness, and impaired decision-making were together accounted for a substantial amount of variance in impulsive behaviors. Conclusions: Dopaminergic medication likely contributes to the impairment in decision-making, which may be the underlying mechanism of ICDs. Further studies will be necessary to understand the potential implications of this finding.Yayın Cognitive functions among healthy older adults using online social networking(Routledge, 2023-07-04) Yıldırım, Elif; Ögel Balaban, HaleOnline social network sites provide possibilities to enhance social relationships and engage in cognitive activities for older adults. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the use of one social network site, Facebook, and cognitive functions in older adults considering different dimensions of Facebook use together with different cognitive functions. Seventy healthy older adults completed the use of Facebook form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Social Network Index. Their cognitive functions were measured with Digit Span Tasks, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, Letter and Category Fluency Tests, Stroop Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and Trail Making Test (TMT-A and TMT-B). After controlling for age, gender, education level, we found that Facebook users performed better on TMT-A compared to non-users. Among Facebook users, the length of having an account, the network size, the daily duration of use, and the frequency of active and passive use correlated with cognitive performance after controlling offline sociality. These findings, which need confirmation by experimental and longitudinal studies, suggested that being connected to a larger network via more prolonged and active use of social media might be associated with higher cognitive functioning.Yayın Affective theory of mind in human aging: is there any relation with executive functioning?(Routledge, 2019-04) Yıldırım, Elif; Soncu Büyükişcan, Ezgi; Gürvit, İbrahim HakanTheory of Mind (ToM) refers to the ability to make inferences on other’s mental or emotional states. Although there is evidence suggesting that impaired executive functions due to aging could have a negative impact on cognitive ToM, there is still controversy about the effect of age and age-related executive dysfunctions on affective ToM. To investigate affective ToM in healthy aging and its relationship with executive functions, we examined Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) performance and executive functions among young and older adults. There was no significant difference between age groups regarding their RMET scores. While affective ToM was correlated to executive functioning within the younger group, short term memory was found to be associated with RMET performance among older participants. Furthermore, within the older group, women performed better than men. Our findings suggest a preserved ability of affective ToM in healthy aging, which appears to be independent of executive functioning.Yayın Elevated sTREM2 and NFL levels in patients with sepsis associated encephalopathy(Taylor & Francis, 2023-03-04) Orhun, Günseli; Esen, Figen; Yılmaz, Vuslat; Ulusoy, Canan; Şanlı, Elif; Yıldırım, Elif; Gürvit, İbrahim Hakan; Ergin Özcan, Perihan; Sencer, Serra; Bebek, Nerses; Tüzün, ErdemPurpose: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common manifestation of sepsis that may lead to cognitive decline. Our aim was to investigate whether the neurofilament light chain (NFL) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) could be utilized as prognostic biomarkers in SAE. Materials and methods: In this prospective observational study, baseline serum levels of sTREM2 and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of sTREM2 and NFL were measured by ELISA in 11 SAE patients and controls. Patients underwent daily neurological examination. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and standard electroencephalography (EEG) were performed. Cognitive dysfunction was longitudinally assessed after discharge in 4 SAE patients using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) tests. Results: SAE patients showed higher CSF sTREM2 and NFL levels than controls. sTREM2 and NFL levels were not correlated with the severity measures of sepsis. Three months after discharge, 2 SAE patients displayed ACE-R scores congruent with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), persisting in one patient 12 months after discharge. SAE patients with MCI showed higher CSF NFL levels, bacteremia, and abnormal brain MRI. Patients with increased serum/CSF sTREM2 levels showed trends towards displaying poorer attention/orientation and visuo-spatial skills. Conclusions: sTREM2 and NFL levels may serve as a prognostic biomarker for cognitive decline in SAE. These results lend further support for the involvement of glial activation and neuroaxonal degeneration in the physiopathology of SAE.
