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Yayın Changing Turkish-Israeli relations after the 2008 Gaza war(Işık Üniversitesi, 2016-08-23) Ulus, Selin; Kayhan Pusane, Özlem; Işık Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Uluslararası İlişkiler Yüksek Lisans ProgramıThis thesis examines the deterioration of Turkish-Israeli relations after Israel’s Operation Cast Lead against Gaza in 2008. It explains the changing Turkish-Israeli relationship in light of Jakob Gustavsson’s model of foreign policy change, that is, by both considering the structural factors of the period and by analyzing the role of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as the Prime Minister. This thesis argues that although a number of structural factors constituted a ground for the deterioration of TurkishIsraeli relations from the late 1990s and early 2000s onwards, relations were on a relatively positive track following the foundation of the Justice and Development Party (JDP), and there was no radical change in the relationship until 2008. However, Israel’s Gaza operation in 2008 received a very harsh response from the then Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and brought the Turkish-Israeli relationship to a critical level. In the aftermath of the Operation Cast Lead, Erdoğan's ideology, which has its roots in the National Outlook (Milli Görüş) tradition, as well as his personality traits played an important role in bringing the Turkish-Israeli relations to the point of rupture.Yayın Turkey's relations with the Iraqi and Syrian kurds: A comparative approach(Işık Üniversitesi, 2018-09-05) Alyüz, Işın; Kayhan Pusane, Özlem; Işık Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Uluslararası İlişkiler Yüksek Lisans ProgramıThis thesis examines the striking variance in Turkish foreign policy towards the Iraqi and Syrian Kurds between 2011 and 2017, during the Syrian civil war. It explains the difference in Turkish foreign policy by focusing on the impact of socially constructed identities on actor behavior with the guidance of Lene Hansen’s discursive research model. This thesis argues that constructed identities, as the foundation and product of foreign policy, have a major role in shaping the difference in the incumbent Justice and Development Party’s (AKP) foreign policy practices towards the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) and the Democratic Union Party (PYD), as well as its armed wing People’s Protection Units (YPG). Although both the KRG and the PYD/YPG are pro-Kurdish political formations, the AKP government pursued an alliance with the former from 2007 onwards, while it identified thelatter as a national security threat. This thesis uses discourse analysis to inspect the tripartite relationship of these actors from the perspective of identity theory.Yayın Populism, social media and immigration: the use of twitter as a platform for anti-immigration discourse in Italy and the U.S.(Işık Üniversitesi, 2021-06-23) Vitiello, Rosa Melissa; Karakaya Polat, Rabia; Işık Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Uluslararası İlişkiler Yüksek Lisans ProgramıThis study takes the tweets shared by 45th president of the United States Donald Trump and Italian populist leader Matteo Salvini throughout 2018, to conduct a manual comparative content analysis in order to identify the main characteristics of their antiimmigration discourse on social media. The analysis aims to answer the following research question: How did Donald Trump and Matteo Salvini use Twitter as a platform for antiimmigration discourse in 2018? The ultimate goal is to consider the two leaders’ anti-immigration discourse in order to identify the specific textual elements and emotional tone used to mention immigration and refugees in order to recognize the dominant frames and narratives employed. This includes the attempt to also determine the emotional tone, attitudes and opinions used to address immigration and immigrants by both leaders. The results indicate that the online anti-immigration discourse of the two political leaders included the identification of immigrants as an economic burden, as potential threats and, in general, as scapegoats of different issues. Few recent studies have addressed the characteristics of online popülist communication in relation to a specific topic, especially not through the manual comparative content analysis of two political leaders coming from very different backgrounds. The purpose of this research is to fill this gap by supplying a framework for the analysis of the populist anti-immigration discourse on social media. This work suggests that social media can be used as a tool by populist leaders to construct an antiimmigration discourse that relies on the creation of a hostile narrative, a derogatory language and occasional mockery.Yayın The Arab Spring: On mass protests and political openings(Işık Üniversitesi, 2019-08-22) Bilgen, Merve; Demiralp Yılankaya, Seda; Işık Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Uluslararası İlişkiler Yüksek Lisans ProgramıDuring the past decade, public resistance increased against authoritarian regimes throughout the world from the Middle East to Europe and the United States. These large-scale protests have shown that popular uprisings can overthrow autocratic leaders. The aim of this thesis is explaining how leaders react when they face a popular uprising (mass protest). In case of a demonstration, do leaders respond with democratic opening or repression? This thesis analyzes the reason why authoritarian leaders of Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Syria reacted differently to similar uprisings and experienced different transitional outcomes on the way to democracy following the Arab uprisings in 2011. More specifically, this thesis analyzes how leaders responded to the uprisings in the Arab countries through the Arab Spring with the goal of contributing to general theories that aim to predict leader behavior (such as embracing a democratic speech vs. using police pressure and the approach of military) in response to mass protests. The thesis argues that leaders’ initial speeches can predict post-movement political environment. When leaders adopt a moderate speech and police violence against protestors is low, then there is more chance for peaceful change through a democratic election.
