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Yayın Are your cross-ethnic friends ethnic and/or national group identifiers?The role of own and perceived cross-ethnic friend's identities on outgroup attitudes and multiculturalism(Wiley, 2018-02-01) Bağcı Hemşinlioğlu, Sabahat Çiğdem; Çelebi, ElifWe investigated how own ethnic and national identities and perceived ethnic and national identities of close cross-ethnic friends may predict outgroup attitudes and multiculturalism among Turkish (majority status, N=197) and Kurdish (minority status, N=80) ethnic group members in Turkey (M-age=21.12, SD=2.59, 69.7% females, 30.3% males). Compared with Turkish participants, Kurdish participants were more asymmetrical in rating their cross-ethnic friend's identities relative to their own, reporting higher ethnic identity, but lower national identity for themselves. Own ethnic identity was negatively associated with attitudes and multiculturalism, whereas own national identity was positively associated with only attitudes. Perceived cross-ethnic friend's national identity was positively related to both outgroup attitudes and multiculturalism. Shared national identification (high levels of own and friend's national identity) led to most positive outgroup attitudes and highest support for multiculturalism. Findings were discussed in the light of social identity and common ingroup identity models.Yayın Turkish sign language adaptation of the Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32(NLM (Medline), 2022-09-15) Ataseven Bulun, Mehtap; Çepni, Selden; Ermez, YusufSign language speakers are at a disadvantage in terms of health literacy due to the lack of health education materials in sign languages. Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) individuals are excluded from health literacy research due to the lack of measurement tools in their language of excellent f luency. This study aims to provide the literature with a tool that allows the measurement of health literacy among DHH individuals. The Turkish Health Literacy Scale (THLS)-32 was translated into Turkish Sign Language (TSL). After the THLS-32 was translated into TSL in video format, it was tested for validity and reliability. The translated version of the scale was administered to participants from a DHH association in Turkey who are f luent in TSL. Subsequently, a study was conducted with 207 DHH individuals. The study group was assessed in terms of their mean index scores and evaluated to have “limited health literacy” according to the THLS-32 classification. We conclude that the THLS-32 in TSL is suitable to measure health literacy in DHH individuals and to assess the impact of the health education system.Yayın A stochastic risk-averse framework for blood donation appointment scheduling under uncertain donor arrivals(Springer, 2020-12) Yalçındağ, Semih; Baş Güre, Seda; Carello, Giuliana; Lanzarone, EttoreBlood is a key resource in all health care systems, usually drawn from voluntary donors. We focus on the operations management in blood collection centers, which is a key step to guarantee an adequate blood supply and a good quality of service to donors, by addressing the so-called Blood Donation Appointment Scheduling problem. Its goal is to employ appointment scheduling to balance the production of blood units between days, in order to provide a reasonably constant supply to transfusion centers and hospitals, and reduce non-alignments between physicians' working times and donor arrivals at the collection center. We consider a two-phase solution framework taken from the literature, in which a deterministic linear programming model preallocates time slots to different blood types and a prioritization policy assigns the preallocated slots to the donors when they make a reservation. However, the problem is stochastic in nature and requires consideration of the uncertain arrivals of non-booked donors. In this work, to include the uncertain arrivals, we propose three stochastic counterparts of the preallocation model based on a risk-neutral objective and two risk-averse objectives, respectively, where the Conditional Value-at-Risk is considered as the risk measure in the last two methods. The resulting stochastic frameworks have been tested considering the historical data of one of the largest Italian collection centers, the Milan Department of the "Associazione Volontari Italiani Sangue" (AVIS). Results show the effectiveness of the stochastic models, especially the mean-risk one, and the need to include the uncertainty of arrivals in order to better balance the production of blood units.Yayın Reciprocal relations between the trajectories of mothers’ harsh discipline, responsiveness and aggression in early childhood(Springer New York LLC, 2018-01-01) Akçinar Yayla, Berna; Baydar, NazlıTheoretical advances in the study of the development of aggressive behaviors indicate that parenting behaviors and child aggression mutually influence one another. This study contributes to the body of empirical research in this area by examining the development of child aggression, maternal responsiveness, and maternal harsh discipline, using 5-year longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of Turkish children (n = 1009; 469 girls and 582 boys). Results indicated that: (i) maternal responsiveness and harsh discipline at age 3 were associated with the subsequent linear trajectory of aggression; (ii) reciprocally, aggressive behaviors at age 3 were associated with the subsequent linear trajectories of these two types of parenting behaviors; (iii) deviations from the linear trajectories of the child and mother behaviors tended to be short lived; and, (iv) the deviations of child behaviors from the linear trajectories were associated with the subsequent changes in mother behaviors after age 5. These findings are discussed in the cultural context of this study.Yayın Collective victimhood beliefs among majority and minority groups: Links to ingroup and outgroup attitudes and attribution of responsibility for conflict(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018-09) Bağcı Hemşinlioğlu, Sabahat Çiğdem; Piyale, Zeynep Ecem; Karaköse Çelik, Selin; Şen, EzgiWe examined perceived ingroup and outgroup victimhood beliefs across group status and how these were uniquely associated with ingroup and outgroup attitudes and attribution of responsibility among majority (Turkish, N = 141) and minority (Kurdish, N = 86) group members in Turkey. We further explored whether the extent to which collective victimhood beliefs were shared via ingroup and outgroup members predicted our dependent measures beyond the subjective perception of ingroup victimhood. Findings showed that both groups perceived higher ingroup victimhood compared to outgroup victimhood and this difference was more pronounced among the minority group. Perceived outgroup victimhood beliefs, compared to ingroup victimhood beliefs, were more closely related to intergroup outcomes, and led to more positive outgroup and more negative ingroup outcomes. Both groups shared collective victimhood beliefs more with their ingroup friends than their outgroup friends and ingroup sharing of collective victimhood was a stronger predictor of intergroup outcomes, relating to more positive ingroup and more negative outgroup outcomes. Outgroup sharing of collective victimhood was related to more positive outgroup attitudes and lower ingroup responsibility among the Turkish group, whereas it was not related to outgroup attitudes and negatively related to ingroup attribution of responsibility among the Kurdish group. Practical and theoretical implications of the findings were discussed.Yayın Anti-tobacco control industry strategies in Turkey(BioMed Central Ltd, 2018-02-26) Keklik, Seda; Gültekin Karakas, DeryaBackground: Transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) penetrated the Turkish cigarette market due to trade and investment liberalization in the post-1980 period and eventually secured full control. Despite tobacco control policies put in place in reaction to accelerating consumption, TTCs reinforced their market power through a variety of strategies. This paper explores industry strategies that counteract tobacco control policies in Turkey. Methods: The study employs both qualitative and quantitative analyses to explore industry strategies in Turkey. Besides the content analyses of industry and market reports, descriptive analyses were conducted for the sub-periods of 1999-2015. The analyses focus on the market strategies of product innovation, advertisement-promotion, cost management and pricing. Results: Rising sales of low tar, ultra-low tar, slim, super-slim and flavoured cigarettes indicate that product innovation served to sustain consumption. Besides, the tobacco industry, using its strong distribution channels, the Internet, and CSR projects, were found to have promoted smoking indirectly. The industry also rationalized manufacturing facilities and reduced the cost of tobacco, making Turkey a cigarette-manufacturing base. Tobacco manufacturers, moreover, offered cigarettes in different price segments and adjusted net prices both up and down according to price categories and market conditions. In response to the successful effect of shifts in price margins, the market share of mid-priced cigarettes expanded while those within the economy category maintained the highest market share. As a result of pricing strategies, net sales revenues increased. Aside from official cigarette sales, the upward trends in the registered and unregistered sales of cigarette substitutes indicate that the demand-side tobacco control efforts remain inadequate. Conclusions: The Turkish case reveals that the resilience of the tobacco industry vis-a-vis mainstream tobacco control efforts necessitates a new policy perspective. Rising market concentration by TTCs and the global nature of industry strategies require that the highly profitable manufacturing and trade of tobacco products should be discouraged on a basis of international collaboration. To reduce and eventually eradicate tobacco consumption, supply-side tobacco control measures are needed along with demand-side policies.Yayın Independent contributions of early positive parenting and mother-son coercion on emerging social development(Springer, 2018-06) Akçinar Yayla, Berna; Shaw, Daniel S.In the current study, we explored associations between parent-child coercion and positive parenting in the toddler period in relation to children's social-behavioral development during the school-age period. The data were drawn from the Pitt Mother & Child Project, a sample of 310 low-income, ethnically diverse boys. Drawing on tenets of both attachment and social learning theory, it was hypothesized that coercive mother-son interaction would lead to reductions in positive maternal parenting in the toddler period, and that both positive parenting and mother-son coercion in the toddler period would contribute to children's conduct problems at school entry and lower social skills and peer rejection in middle childhood. The results were largely confirmed, such that mother-son coercive interaction at 18 months was related to decreases in positive parenting at 24 months. Additionally, mother-son coercive interaction and positive parenting at 24 months were linked to child conduct problems at age 5, which in turn predicted child social skills and peer rejection during middle childhood. In addition to indirect effects through child conduct problems, mother-son coercion continued to be independently related to school-age peer rejection. The findings are discussed with respect to the importance of early coercive interactions in the growth of child social-behavioral development from early to middle childhood.Yayın Ethnic identification, discrimination, and mental and physical health among Syrian refugees: The moderating role of identity needs(Wiley, 2017-12) Çelebi, Elif; Verkuyten, Maykel; Bağcı Hemşinlioğlu, Sabahat ÇiğdemUsing a risk and resilience framework and motivated identity construction theory, we investigated the moderating role of identity needs in the association between social identification and perceived discrimination with mental and physical health among a sample of Syrian refugees (N = 361) in Turkey. Results showed that there were two clusters of interrelated identity needs, namely, belonging (belonging, continuity, and esteem) and efficacy (efficacy, meaningfulness, and distinctiveness). Higher perceived ethnic discrimination was found to be associated with poorer mental and physical health but not for respondents who derived a sense of efficacy from their Syrian identity. Higher Syrian identification was associated with lower depression and anxiety but more strongly for refugees who derived a sense of belonging and continuity from their Syrian identity. The findings indicate that investigating the motivational aspects of identity formation is important for understanding when discrimination and group identification undermine or rather contribute to the well-being and health of refugees. These findings are discussed in relation to the growing research on social identities and health.
