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Yayın CSR practices in Turkey: Examining CSR reports(Greenleaf Publishing, 2015-07) Uyan Atay, Bilge; Tuncay Çelikel, AslıThis study examines the private companies that publish CSR reports in Turkey. Turkey has a growing economy, located in an international arena with an increasing number of global brands starting to export their products from Turkey with even more multinational enterprises (MNEs) planning to locate in the country. Now, some Turkish companies and subsidiaries of MNEs have started to publish CSR reports. Our findings show that strong Turkish conglomerates are playing a constructive role in macro-level development and governance in Turkey. They are also addressing local problems such as education, human rights, environmental protection and workers' rights. Besides, subsidiaries of MNEs are also having an impact with respect to the application of their headquarters' community programs in Turkish society.Yayın Analysing gender equality and empowerment in Turkish companies: an exploratory case to achieve United Nation’s sustainability goal(PressAcademia, 2023-06-30) Dönmez, Sena; Tuncay Çelikel, AslıPurpose- United Nations' Sustainability Goal 5, "Achieving Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls," is a critically important topic in today's sustainability agenda. This exploratory case study aims to delve into the current status of gender equality and women's empowerment in Turkish businesses. Furthermore, it seeks to propose a roadmap with thematic areas that can guide companies in fulfilling Goal 5. Methodology- For this qualitative research, the study engaged professionals in Türkiye, specifically in the manufacturing and logistics industries in Istanbul. The research employed both preliminary and face-to-face interviews to gather insights from experts in the field of sustainability and those working on SDG 5. The preliminary phase involved two managers, while the subsequent face-to-face interviews involved five key experts. A total of ten open-ended questions were posed to representatives from five companies, comprising sustainability managers and specialists from the manufacturing and logistics sectors. Findings- Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) literature revealed various themes related to gender equality and empowerment, encompassing gender-neutral decision making, a person’s well-being, creating safe spaces, gender equality role in value chain, environmental impact, ethical considerations, awareness, and empowerment linked to leadership. The qualitative research findings were significant to shape a future plan. Based on the research results, ten thematic areas for companies was developed by the authors. Roadmap Thematic Areas for Companies: Breaking gender stereotypes for gender-neutral career, promoting social sustainability through training opportunities, implementing gender-neutral recruitment practices, adopting gender-neutral policies in all decision making processes, establishing an egalitarian environment within the value chain and permissions, addressing global deficiencies in training to eliminate gender prejudices and promoting access to health and medicines, maintaining work-life balance, supporting advancement of employees with trainings, considering benefits of society on environmental impacts and raising public awareness by ensuring ethics. Conclusion- The development of Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) relies heavily on social, economic, and environmental factors, particularly concerning leadership. This case study underscores the need for Turkish companies to prioritize gender equality and women's empowerment initiatives, as their efforts will contribute to broader sustainability endeavors within the country. By actively embracing the proposed roadmap's strategies, businesses can pave the way for a more inclusive and sustainable future for all individuals in Türkiye.Yayın Factors affecting research and development (R&D) collaboration of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their local partner firms : a case study of Turkish automotive industry(Işık Üniversitesi, 2009) Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı; Ansal, Hacer; Işık Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çağdaş İşletme Yönetimi Doktora ProgramıThis thesis focuses on disclosing the factors that affect the Research and Development (R&D) collaboration between Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), and their Turkish partner firms, in the automotive industry. Following the literature review and pre-test interviews with the experts from the industry a number of different factors were identified. The methodology of the research was 2Case Study3 in order to provide an in-depth exploration of the factors. There are three case studies namely: Tofaş-Fiat, Ford Otosan-Ford and Hyundai Assan-Hyundai. The primary data was collected from 40 respondents (R&D/production managers and employees) by in-depth face-to-face interviewing. Findings yield that the most important factors affecting R&D collaboration for the local companies were production, innovation & R&D capabilities and then absorptive capacity of the local companies. The most important factor affecting MNE's R&D location decisions was the main R&D policy of the MNE (criteria for possible R&D collaboration, openness to R&D collaboration and strategic goals). Another factor, competition between other R&D departments in different countries, and other R&D department's competency were found as moderate level of importance. R&D Managers of Fiat, Ford and Hyundai found the Turkish government's R&D incentives very attractive, and found that Turkey's infrastructure, socio-economic conditions and cheap but skilled labor force were appropriate for undertaking R&D collaborations. Social factors (mutual trust, level of commitment and cultural conflicts) were found to be an important influence in MNE's R&D location decisions. The findings are expected to contribute to the R&D efforts and innovativeness of the Turkish Automotive Industry.Yayın The limits of R&D internationalization and the importance of local initiatives: Turkey as a critical case(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2011-08) Karabağ, Solmaz Filiz; Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı; Berggren, ChristianThe growth of R&D in East Asia has triggered the notion of a new innovation geography, where R&D is no longer a privilege of the traditional OECD countries. What does this mean for mid-sized emerging economies, without the scale advantages and bargaining power of India or China? This paper uses Turkey as a case to examine the continual unevenness of international R&D investments. By analyzing opportunities and limitations for local initiatives in the telecommunications, pharmaceutical, and automotive industries the paper finds that active private capital, a sufficient scale of production, and focused public policies are needed to attract international R&D.Yayın İş dünyasinda teknoloji ile birlikte gelişen yeni beceriler ve işgücünde dijital eşitsizlikler(Işık Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2022-05) Dönmez, Sena; Tuncay Çelikel, AslıEndüstri 4.0 ile beraber oluşan teknolojik gelişmelerin bir sonucu olarak, iş dünyasında yaşanan değişim, yapay zekâ ve robotların iş dünyasında kullanımı ile birlikte çalışma hayatında değişimler yaşanmaktadır. Son iki senedir yaşanan pandemi, dijitalleşmeye son derece hız kazandırmış ve işgücü piyasası bu dijitalleşme sürecinden oldukça etkilenmiştir. Tüm bu gelişmeler, farklı mesleklerin oluşmasına imkân tanırken, bazı meslekleri tamamen ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Bu araştırma, yeni becerilerle birlikte işgücünün nasıl etkilendiği, hangi durumlarda iş kayıplarının ve işsizliğin meydana geldiğini vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Öncelikle; teknolojide meydana gelen yenilikler ile ilgili literatür taraması yapılarak yeni meslekler, beceriler ve istihdam konuları ile ilgili değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Daha sonra ise; dijitalleşme ile birlikte ortaya çıkan eşitsizlikler, eğitim, işsizlik, meslek kayıpları, psikolojik boyut ve toplumsal cinsiyet boyutu ile ele alınmıştır. Bu anlamda, nitel araştırma yöntemi ile çalışanlarla yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmış ve ucu açık sorular sorulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Endüstri 4.0’ın yeni iş olanakları sağlamasının yanında, üretim, hizmet ve ticaret gibi farklı sektörlerde iş kayıplarını meydana getireceği ve eğitimsel anlamda kadınlara ve erkeklere eşit katkının sağlanamamasından ve coğrafi, etnik gibi durumlardan dolayı gelecekte bir eşitsizlik durumunun ortaya çıkacağı öngörülmektedir.Yayın Evaluation of innovativeness of Turkey with respect to European Union integration(Işık Üniversitesi, 2003) Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı; Ferman, Ali Murat; Işık Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yöneticiler İçin İşletme Yönetimi Yüksek Lisans ProgramıThis thesis consists of four main parts. The first part presents information about the definition and classification of innovation. Product innovation, process innovation, technical innovation, administrative innovation, organizational innovation, radical innovation and incremental innovation are major headings in this part. The second part of the thesis mainly focuses on innovation process. In addition to various innovation process methods, Schumpeterian, Neo-Classical and Porter's approaches are studied and the basic of the National Systems of Innovation is presented. The third part of the thesis includes European Innovation Scoreboard 2002 (EIS). This scoreboard analyzes statistical data in four areas, which are human resources; knowledge creation; transmission and application of knowledge; innovation finance, output and markets. The scoreboard's statistical data are prepared for 21 indicators of innovation for each EU member states as well as 13 candidate countries including Turkey. The fourth part concentrates on the analysis of innovation on enlargement countries. According to Innovation Scoreboard, the Candidate countries perform favorably compared to the EU for the share of the working-age population with tertiary education (with Bulgaria, Cyprus, Estonia and Lithuania equal to or above the EU mean), the employment share for high-tech manufacturing (with the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia close to or above the EU mean), ICT expenditures (with the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary and Latvia close to or above the EU mean), and the stock of inward FDI (with the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary and Malta above the EU mean). For 3 indicators, these candidate countries are above the best performing EU member state: Lithuania for both working-age populations with tertiary education and high-tech venture capital, and Malta for sales of 'new to market' products. Innovative capabilities in the Candidate countries are dominated by less than half of the countries, with 88% of the leading slots taken by six countries: Estonia (8), the Czech Republic and Slovenia (7 each), Lithuania and Hungary (5 each), and Malta (4). Latvia occurs twice, and Cyprus, Slovakia and Turkey once. Poland, Romania and Bulgaria are never among the top three performing Candidate countries. This thesis point outs some unrevealed facts of the Innovation Scoreboard 2002. The data, which are taken from EIS, originally developed in order to form the following tables: the comparison of the GDPs, population of candidate countries, business expenditure on R&D and public expenditure on R&D. Those figures yield that Turkey has the highest rank in GDP, population and public expenditure on R&D and second best in business expenditure on R&D. The current performance and the results of Swot Analysis of Turkey are also presented in the final part of the thesis. Turkey's SMEs innovating in house and new to market production are above the European Union mean. Public and business R&D in Turkey has good grades among all the indicators. In Swot Analysis, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in innovation point of view of Turkey are given. The discussion about the results is summarized in the conclusion part of this thesis.Yayın Internationalisation of R&D into Emerging Markets: Fiat's R&D in Brazil, Turkey and India(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2014-02) Athreye, Suma; Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı; Ujjual, VandanaThe idea that competence-creating subsidiaries from emerging nations can contribute to and possibly renew sources of competitive advantage is an appealing one for managerial practice and policy. Many mature MNEs can look to exploit the technological and market capabilities of their more capable subsidiaries in order to tap into new sources of growth. Based on a case study of Fiat and three of its emerging market R&D subsidiaries, we show that successfully developing competence-creating subsidiaries is a difficult task. Not only do parent and subsidiary managements have different ideas of what is involved, but subsidiary technological capability and local resources do not fully explain new technology creation mandates. The success of overall product market strategies and the mode of entry also exercise important effects. Furthermore, in our case study we find that internal embeddedness is more crucial than external embeddedness in distinguishing a successful new technology creation mandate.Yayın Factors promoting the emergence of social ventures for the post Covid-19: a case study in Turkey(PressAcademia, 2022-07-30) Özbay, Eser Güven; Tuncay Çelikel, AslıPurpose- The premise of the study is that the social and economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic encourage the emergence of social innovations in Turkey providing a window of opportunity and the promoting factors of these emergences are mostly pro-social factors and personal values. Based on this proposition, the primary purpose of the study is to investigate and reveal the factors that lead to the emergence of social ventures. The secondary aims are to increase the awareness of the stakeholders and academia on social entrepreneurship in which a limited number of studies have been conducted in Turkey, and thus to emphasize the topicality and the importance of the subject. Methodology- The research method was designed as a qualitative research method which includes in-depth interviews with 6 social ventures in Turkey. As primary data, information obtained from in-depth interviews with the social ventures and from interviews with Ashoka Turkey were used. The literature review constitutes the secondary data. Findings- Despite the personal characteristics are effective in being a social entrepreneur, it is seen that they are not sufficient in the emergence of a social enterprise. Extraversion, open to experience and conscientious are the three prominent personal characteristics related to personality in the research. The results of the research confirm the researcher's proposition that the prominent factors in the establishment of social enterprises are pro-social factors and personal motivations. While passionate and need for achievement from personal motivations drew attention, desire to help others and social vision from pro-social factors were determined as leading factors. Conclusion- Although the findings of the study confirm some expectations about the factors that encourage the emergence of social entrepreneurship, there has not been enough evidence to support the researcher's main proposition that the COVID-19 pandemic period has accelerated and stimulated the emergence of social enterprises by creating an opportunity.Yayın Gender equality and empowerment for companies: an exploratory case from Turkiye to achieve United Nation’s sustainability goal(PressAcademia, 2023-07-30) Dönmez, Sena; Tuncay Çelikel, AslıPurpose- The business world is currently placing great emphasis on sustainability, investing substantial resources to integrate it into their operations. United Nation’s Sustainability Goal 5 of “Achieving Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls” is a critically important subject to discuss both for academics and practioners regarding today’s sustainability related concerns and debates. This exploratory case study aims to understand the current situation of gender equality and women empowerment in business and propose a roadmap with thematic areas for companies via achievement of Goal 5. Methodology- We aim to understand the perspectives of the the professionals in Turkey; first preliminary interviews and then face-to-face interviews were applied in manufacturing and logistics industries in Istanbul. The preliminary interview was held with two managers and afterwards, five experts in the field of sustainability and working on SDG 5 were interviewed. A total of ten open-ended questions were posed to representatives from five companies in the manufacturing and logistics sectors during face-to-face interviews. Findings- The literature review on Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) revealed various themes related to gender equality and empowerment, including gender-neutral decision making, ensuring well-being of the individual, creating safe spaces, role of value chain for gender equality, environmental impact, ethical approach, awareness, and empowerment in correlation with empowerment and leadership. Based on the research findings, a roadmap with ten thematic areas was developed, including: 1. Breaking gender streotypes for genderneutral career, 2. Promoting social sustainability through training opportunities, 3. Implementing gender-neutral recruitment practices, 4. Adopting gender-neutral policies in all decision making processes, 5. Establishing an egalitarian environment within the value chain and permissions, 6. Addressing global deficiencies in training to eliminate gender prejudices and promoting access to health and medicines, 7. Maintaining work-life balance, 8. Supporting advancement of employees with trainings, 9. Considering benefits of society on environmental impacts and 10. Raising public awareness by ensuring ethics. Conclusion- Social, economic, and environmental factors play a very distinctive role in the development of SDG 5 target in leadership. Companies in Turkey are encouraged to prioritize gender equality and women empowerment programs, as their policies will contribute to broader efforts within the country. By actively working towards these goals, businesses can foster a more inclusive and sustainable future for all.Yayın A case analysis on factors affecting the emergence of social innovations after Covid- 19 in Turkey(PressAcademia, 2022-06-30) Özbay, Eser Güven; Tuncay Çelikel, AslıPurpose- The study aims to explore the factors that accelarate the emergence of social innovations after Covid-19. With the study, it is also aimed to emphasize the topicality and importance of the subject by drawing the attention of stakeholders and academia in the field of social entrepreneurship, where a limited number of studies are conducted in Turkey. Methodology- The study employs a qualitative method that includes literature review, observations and in-depth interviews with 6 social ventures in Turkey. Findings- The analysis reveals that, being extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, passion, need for achievement, social vision and desire to help others are the most common characteristics among social enterpreneurs participants. It is seen that entrepreneurs are highly open to new experiences and conscientious in their relationships. All extroverted participants make progress in their social initiatives by using their personal networks and experience a sense of personal satisfaction through their social ventures. Another implication of the study is that the actions and efforts of the individuals are encouraged by the work itself and the desire to achieve inner satisfaction, and they use their solutions in creating value not only for their own benefits but also for the others. Although there is limited evidence to support the researchers’ basic premise that the COVID-19 pandemic period accelerates and encourages the emergence of social entrepreneurship, the findings are consistent with the authors' conceptual model. Social entrepreneurs are intrinsically motivated to express their needs and passion for achievement, while being extrinsically motivated as social visionaries to satisfy their desire to help their target community. Conclusion- The results of the research confirm the researchers’ proposition that the prominent factors in the establishment of social enterprises are pro-social factors and personal motivations. While the factors of passionate and need for achievement from personal motivations drew attention, desire to help others and social vision factors from pro-social factors were determined as leading factors. In this context, it has been concluded that since the social vision is one of the prominent features of social entrepreneurs, participants who are open to experiences can define social problems more easily.
